Abstract:
:The effects of two memory-impairing drugs, ethanol and triazolam, on proactive interference (PI) in memory were studied. Following ingestion of either one of these drugs or a placebo, subjects studied an A-B list (e.g., BEE-WASP) of paired associates, followed by an A-C list (e.g., BEE-HONEY) on the interference trial, and a D-E list (e.g., KING-QUEEN) followed by an A-C list on the control trial. A PI effect was found in the data, such that subjects produced fewer correct second list targets on the interference trial than on the control trial. Neither ethanol nor triazolam was found to influence the size of the PI effect. However, both drugs were found to increase B intrusions on the test of the A-C list, to impair subjects' ability to produce more than one studied response for each cue word, and to impair the subjective experience of retrieved memory information. These data suggest that ethanol and triazolam impair an inhibitory process that normally operates as one component of intentional retrieval, playing an important role in the suppression of unwanted information during a memory task.
journal_name
J Clin Exp Neuropsycholjournal_title
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychologyauthors
Lombardi WJ,Sirocco KY,Andreason PJ,George DTdoi
10.1080/01688639708403755subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
698-712issue
5eissn
1380-3395issn
1744-411Xjournal_volume
19pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Diabetic children have been found to display an anomalous factor structure on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) (Holmes, Cornwell, Dunlap, Chen, & Lee, 1992). The present study sought to extend this finding with a larger cross-regional sample of children to determine which, if any, demograp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639308402600
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although recognized as one of the most common hereditary diseases of the nervous system, the neuropsychological deficits in Friedreich's ataxia (FA) have rarely been studied. A protocol was constructed to assess the major cognitive areas in patients with FA and pair-matched normal controls. Motor difficulties, dysarth...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.24.5.677.1014
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments evaluating the rate of forgetting of pictorial stimuli in amnesic, demented, and normal control subjects are reported. When prolonged exposures of pictorial material were used to equate recognition performance after a 10-min delay, alcoholic Korsakoff (AK) patients and patients with Huntington's Dise...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638608401309
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "z-drugs" zopiclone, zolpidem, eszopiclone, and zaleplon were introduced in the 1980s for the treatment of insomnia, as it was observed that the side effect profile associated with these medications were more benign than those related to the benzodiazepines. This meta-analysis set out to ascertain which domains of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.928268
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several investigators have suggested that microcomputers might serve as useful external aids for memory-impaired patients. However, knowledge of basic computer vocabulary may be necessary for patients to use and benefit from a microcomputer. The present paper describes a procedure, the method of vanishing cues, which ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638608401320
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus infection can result in prolonged subjective complaints of cognitive and functional decline even in the absence of a neuroinvasive form of infection. Persistent cognitive and functional complaints could be a result of general somatic symptoms, emotional distress, or residual central nervous system dama...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390902881918
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abstract::Impulsive behavior is thought to lead to both positive and negative psychosocial outcomes. However, little is known about the potential consequences of subclinical expressions of behavior dysregulation on everyday functioning. To examine this relationship, global social functioning was measured in 89 healthy, young ad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.639297
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-one patients with putative Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were evaluated to determine the diagnostic utility of a profile of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) subtests which has been proposed by Fuld (1984) to identify cholinergic dysfunction. Only nine (21.9%) of these patients had positive Wechsler profiles. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688638708405359
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to provide normative data for older and very old Czech adults on the Prague Stroop Test (PST) and to test its discriminative validity in individuals with Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). METHOD:The construction of the PST was modeled after the Victoria Stroop ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1057106
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2016.1249828
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular occlusion has been posited to reduce activation of the contralateral hemisphere ("Sprague effect"), thus inducing a contralateral spatial bias (toward the viewing eye). Healthy right-handed participants bisected horizontal lines during monocular eye viewing. Although subjects tended to deviate away from the ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.770824
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Memory for pairs of unfamiliar children's faces was investigated in 29 children and adolescents suffering from left (LTLE) or right (RTLE) temporal-lobe epilepsy, before and after temporal-lobe surgery. Both immediate and delayed memory were tested. Before surgery, RTLE subjects performed worse than either LTLE subjec...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639408402670
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective methods for determining clinically relevant neurocognitive change are useful for clinicians and researchers, but the utility of such methods requires validation studies in order to assess their accuracy among target populations. We examined the generalizability of regression equations and reliable change ind...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390600920471
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of age of acquisition (AoA) and other variables classically supposed to influence lexical semantic tasks is explored in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A naming test that included living and nonliving items was given to patients and controls. Measures of AoA of the test items were obtained from normal subj...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/jcen.24.6.755.8407
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropsychological functioning of patients who had undergone surgical removal of craniopharyngiomas was compared to that of an endocrine control group composed of patients with nontumor hypopituitarism, an obese control group, and a normal control group. Neuropsychological assessments consisting of measures of int...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390802064599
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Investigations using event-related potentials (ERPs) in brain-injured patients affected by neuropsychological disorders of perception, attention, memory, and language, and other special syndromes such as blind-sight, neglect, prosopagnosia, and apraxia are reviewed. These electrophysiological techniques can be used to...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/01688639608408288
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meta-analytic methods were used to determine the sensitivity of neuropsychological, structural, and physiological measures to temporal-hippocampal system function in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Effect sizes are reported for the California Verbal Learning Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, structural (i.e.,...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1076/jcen.20.2.259.1174
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:It is unclear whether or to what degree literacy, aging, and other neurologic abnormalities relate to cognitive deficits among people living with HIV/AIDS in the combined antiretroviral therapy (CART) era. The primary aim of this study was to simultaneously examine the association of age, HIV-associated mo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2014.943696
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrophy of specific, regional, and generalized brain structures occurs as a result of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) process. Comparing AD patients with histopathological confirmation of the disease at autopsy to those without autopsy but who were clinically diagnosed using the same antemortem criteria will provide furt...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803390600826579
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The drawings of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and elderly control subjects were rated on a number of specific performance scales, such as attention to configuration, attention to detail, and stimulus boundedness. AD patients showed significantly poorer performance than controls on most drawing scales, and the draw...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639108401088
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present series of studies sought to examine how external factors influence behavioral decision making task performance. Utilizing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to assess risky decision making, we examined the influence of a dual task paradigm (Study 1, Study 2), shifting task focus to decision making speed versus a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research suggests that the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) is effective in confirming or disconfirming the validity of a patient's reported cognitive impairments. We sought to cross-validate the findings of the VSVT standardization study, and to determine cut-off scores that are most efficient in discri...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The validity of two malingering tests, the newly developed Amsterdam Short-Term Memory (ASTM) test and the Distraction test (Baker, Hanley, Jackson, Kimmance, & Slade, 1993) was examined in a group of patients with closed-head injury (CHI), a normal control group, and a control group with instruction to feign memory d...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639708403835
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A current model proposes that memory consists of two functionally separate systems that have different neurological substrates. Declarative memory appears to be dependent on the diencephalic medial temporal lobe system whereas some speculate that the basal ganglia may be a neurological substrate for procedural memory....
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/01688639008400978
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prospective memory (PM), the memory for future intentions, is an essential component of many day-to-day activities. PM accuracy has consistently been found to decline as a function of age and is further impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, subjective PM failures, PM accuracy, and cost of carryin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.844772
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:This study investigated proactive and retroactive interference effects between the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) using the flexible approach, and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). METHOD:One hundred and eighty nonclinical participants were assigned to a four (...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1119253
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropsychological functioning of adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was compared to that of healthy controls and individuals with mild psychiatric disorders including attentional complaints. Thirty adults in each group were examined on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and me...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1076/1380-3395(200002)22:1;1-8;FT115
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Monozygotic twin pair had febrile seizures, only one was treated with phenobarbital from 17-30 months of age. Standard intellectual and behavioral assessments were conducted during Treatment (30 months of age), and Post-Treatment (32, 41, 48, 66 months of age). Both twins showed normal global intelligence at all ass...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there is considerable anecdotal and empirical evidence showing that retrospective memory may be adversely affected during pregnancy and postpartum, it remains unclear whether capacity for prospective memory is also impaired. In Phase 1 of the present study 20 participants in their third trimester of pregnancy...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to engage in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is known to rely on cognitive abilities, primarily executive functioning and memory. There is also evidence that good self-awareness, which facilitates the use of compensatory strategies, may prolong functionality and delay the diagnosis of demen...
journal_title:Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00