Abstract:
:An area of unidirectional conduction block is one requirement for reentrant arrhythmias to occur. Functional block caused by dispersion of repolarization and refractoriness is the most probable mechanism of drug-induced unidirectional conduction block. We assessed the effects of lidocaine on spatial dispersion of myocardial repolarization and refractoriness in the intact porcine heart. Monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization, effective refractory period (ERP), and ventricular fibrillation cycle length (VFCL) were measured at two endocardial and one epicardial sites at baseline and during a treatment phase with D5W (n=11) or lidocaine 10 mg/kg/hour (n=12). Dispersion was calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the three recording sites. Lidocaine produced significant changes in ERP, VFCL, paced QRS duration, and intraventricular conduction time. It did not change basal levels of dispersion in repolarization and refractoriness. Lidocaine produced changes in myocardial electrophysiology that are uniform across the myocardium and thus did not change myocardial electrical heterogeneity. This may be a mechanism of the agent's lower proarrhythmic effects compared with other sodium channel blockers that increase myocardial electrical heterogeneity.
journal_name
Pharmacotherapyjournal_title
Pharmacotherapyauthors
Sims JJ,Winecoff AP,Ujhelyi MRsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-11-01 00:00:00pages
1267-73issue
6eissn
0277-0008issn
1875-9114journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PHARMACOTHERAPY文献大全abstract::The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) has significantly reduced morbidity and mortality across the continuum of vascular disease. The utilization of these agents, however, remains suboptimal. The drugs are not prescribed in many patients because of concerns ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.6.697.34731
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anticoagulation monitoring during transition from direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) to heparin infusions is a significant challenge. Factor Xa inhibitors influence the heparin calibrated antifactor Xa assay. The University of Virginia (UVA) Medical Center utilized a corrected antifactor Xa assay (c-AXA) duri...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/phar.2444
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infections caused by yeasts and molds continue to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Many antifungal drugs have been developed over the past 15 years to aid in the management of these infections. However, treatment is still not optimal, as t...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.28.5.614
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For convenience, many pediatric hospitals are preparing solutions for continuous nebulized albuterol using the 0.5% 20-ml multidose albuterol dropper bottle. This product contains benzalkonium chloride (BAC) that, by itself, produces bronchospasm that is dose dependent and cumulative. The bronchoconstrictive effects o...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.1929
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatic drug metabolism is altered in critically ill patients. The etiology and mechanisms of the alterations are not clearly understood and are difficult to address in clinical studies. For this reason, in vitro and animal models were developed to investigate the effects of critical illness on hepatic drug metabolism...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to describe the postinduction clearance of carbamazepine (CBZ) in adult psychiatric patients by population pharmacokinetic analysis using the NONMEM program. Specifically, an estimate of CBZ clearance and insight into the effect of common patient characteristics on clearance were sought...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remain high across intensive care units in the United States despite national efforts to decrease this escalating health care burden. Most published literature and guidelines address treatment rather than prevention, yet this approach may be too downs...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.2200
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aztreonam is the first monobactam available for use in this country. A parenteral antibiotic, its antibacterial spectrum is limited to gram-negative aerobic pathogens. The drug's pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicologic properties are reviewed. Based on early experience in pediatric patients, certain recommenda...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health care-associated infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant gram-positive organisms, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are a growing public health threat. In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved two new lipoglycopeptides, oritavancin and dalbavancin, for ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.1641
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 200 patients with moderate to moderately severe anxiety we compared the anxiolytic efficacy and safety of alprazolam and lorazepam. Dosing was flexible and ranged from 1 to 4.5 mg/day of alprazolam and from 2 to 9 mg/day of lorazepam. The mean daily dose at the end of the...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1984.tb03327.x
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco use continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Even with behavioral and pharmacologic treatment, long-term tobacco cessation rates are low. Electronic nicotine delivery systems, commonly referred to as electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes, are increasingly used for tobacco cessation. Because e-...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.2103
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cisplatin in combination with other cytotoxic agents is the backbone for a potential cure of testicular germ cell neoplasms and is a critical factor in the substantial activity observed in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian germ cell tumors. Resistance to cisplatin at the onset of tre...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the level of agreement between two sets of criteria, the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) criteria and investigator-developed criteria, for identifying bleeding events in patients who had undergone a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to measure length of hospital stay ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.27.1.36
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although studies have shown that patients can distinguish probable adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from adverse clinical events (ACEs) caused by other factors, it is not known whether these attribution judgments add any independent validity to other accepted methods of identifying ADRs, such as physician assessments or ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Vancomycin (VAN) is associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). Evidence is conflicting regarding the risk of AKI when VAN is combined with an antipseudomonal β-lactam. OBJECTIVES:To determine the comparative incidence of AKI when VAN is combined with piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ) or m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/phar.2179
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As one of the most accessible health care professionals, pharmacists are in an ideal position to provide tobacco-cessation and prevention services. Although there is growing interest in expanding the pharmacist's role in tobacco treatment, few published studies have assessed the efficacy or effectiveness of ...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.27.7.1040
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains an important therapeutic agent, particularly in the inpatient setting, for anticoagulation. Historically, the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) has been the primary laboratory test used to monitor and adjust UFH. The aPTT test has evolved since the 1950s, and...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.2011.01049.x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A hiccup is a myoclonic jerk of the diaphragm, and cases of hiccups may last for more than 48 hours (persistent hiccups) or even more than 2 months (intractable hiccups). Current pharmacologic treatment of persistent or intractable hiccups mainly includes antidopaminergic drugs. We describe the case of a 60-year-old m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/phar.1523
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various pharmacologic agents are available for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, commonly referred to as statins, which offer favorable lipid-lowering effects and reductions in morbidity and mortality. Statins are usually better toler...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1592/phco.24.13.1194.38084
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium channel blockers, nitrates, and beta blockers are the primary agents used for the treatment of angina. Calcium has a central role in excitation-contraction, action potential generation, and ischemic cell death. The three currently available calcium antagonists are nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. Second-g...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb04052.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with chronic kidney disease experienced a major bleeding event, retroperitoneal hematoma, requiring a blood transfusion after the administration of enoxaparin. The first patient was a 61-year-old Caucasian woman with multiple comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease stage 4. She received subcutaneo...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.25.5.769.63596
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the major obstacle for successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The frequency of grade II or higher acute GVHD ranges from 30-50% in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling transplants and 50-80% in HLA-matched unrelated transplants. The mortality an...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To characterize the steady-state pharmacokinetics of intravenous levetiracetam in neurocritical care patients requiring seizure prophylaxis after a neurologic injury and to determine which dosing regimens achieve serum concentrations within the recommended therapeutic range of 6-20 μg/ml. DESIGN. Prosp...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.31.10.934
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, eliciting extensive research on both the disease process and its treatment. Regardless of diabetes type, the progressive nature of the disease makes insulin the long-term mainstay of diabetes management. Recently, the insulin analog glargine was reported in...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1592/phco.30.9.955
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 58-year-old woman who had been taking digoxin 0.25 mg/day for more than 35 years for heart palpitations after mitral valve repair was prescribed a 5-day course of telithromycin for acute bronchitis. On the sixth day of therapy, she came to the emergency department complaining of general malaise and having experience...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.26.6.872
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the disposition of pentoxifylline and its metabolite, lisofylline, in New Zealand rabbits after two alternative routes of administration, intranasal and intratracheal. DESIGN:Pharmacokinetics study in an animal model. SETTING:University-affiliated animal care facility. SUBJECTS:Twenty New...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.27.2.200
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Limitations of traditional anticoagulants have led to the need for structured services to provide anticoagulation monitoring. Anticoagulation management services have historically filled this role. Novel antithrombotic agents currently in development have the potential to improve on the limitations of vitamin K antago...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.24.15.199s.43159
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for the polymyxins-colistin and polymyxin B-is fraught with technical challenges. Key among these is the propensity of the polymyxins to adsorb to polystyrene, a material often used for in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration testing devices. This effect may be mitigated by the a...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.1505
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the initial steps for implementing pharmacogenomics into routine patient care is selecting an appropriate clinical laboratory to perform the testing. With the rapid advances in genotyping technologies, many clinical laboratories are now performing pharmacogenomic testing. Selection of a reference laboratory dep...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/phar.1985
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an idiosyncratic and uncommon but serious adverse effect that has been reported with both typical and atypical antipsychotic agents. We describe a 58-year-old man with Down syndrome and dementia who was receiving low-dose olanzapine and rivastigmine therapy; he developed NMS 4 m...
journal_title:Pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1592/phco.28.3.403
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00