Abstract:
:Insulin in blood is thought to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to act within the brain to help control appetite. We examined the ability of blood-borne insulin to cross the BBB. Human insulin was infused for 48 h subcutaneously at several doses into mice and the amount of human and murine insulin in serum and brain measured with species-specific radioimmunoassays. For the exogenous human insulin, both brain and blood concentrations increased with increasing doses of infused insulin, whereas for the endogenous murine insulin, brain and blood concentrations decreased. Since the mouse cannot make human insulin, blood was the only source for the human insulin in brain, demonstrating that insulin does indeed cross the BBB. The relationship between the concentrations of human insulin in brain and blood was nonlinear, showing that passage is by a saturable mechanism. Partial saturation of the transporter occurred at euglycemic concentrations of serum insulin. Thus, insulin enters the brain by a saturable transport system that is operational primarily at physiological levels of serum insulin.
journal_name
Peptidesjournal_title
Peptidesauthors
Banks WA,Jaspan JB,Kastin AJdoi
10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00198-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-01-01 00:00:00pages
1257-62issue
8eissn
0196-9781issn
1873-5169pii
S0196-9781(97)00198-8journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
PEPTIDES文献大全abstract::MPF is a tetrapeptide (structure Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu) that elicits a variety of neurotrophic effects in vivo consistent with a role in neuronal regeneration. In support of this role, we now show that MPF stimulates the proliferation of cultured astrocytes and neurite outgrowth from cultures of neocortical cholinergic and ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00043-0
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The geniculohypothalamic tract (GHT) is a projection from the intergeniculate leaflet to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The GHT exhibits neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity and appears to communicate photic information to the SCN. Microinjection of NPY into the SCN has been found to phase shift circadian rhythms...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90126-0
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and Tac1 gene-encoded tachykinins (substance P: SP, neurokinin A: NKA) are expressed in capsaicin-sensitive nerves, but their role in nociception, inflammation and vasoregulation is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the function of these neuropeptides and th...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.003
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The peptide IIAEK derived from beta-lactoglobulin has a hypocholesterolemic activity greater than that of beta-sitosterol. To create food proteins with multiple copies of this valuable peptide sequence, we introduced tandem multimers of the nucleotide sequence encoding the peptide into DNA regions corresponding to the...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2005.11.007
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human Zonulin, related to the Zonula occludens toxin of Vibrio cholerae, regulates intestinal permeability and is induced in inflammatory disorders of the lower GI tract. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with an impairment of epithelial barrier function. Here, we studied expression of zonulin in th...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.03.017
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent data suggests that neurons expressing the long form of the leptin receptor form at least two distinct groups within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS): a group within the lateral NTS (Slt) and one within the medial (Sm) and gelantinosa (Sg) NTS. Discrete injections of leptin into Sm and Sg, a region...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.021
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various enkephalins (ENK) have been reported to alter heart rate, systemic blood pressure, and respiratory function but with variable results. We previously found that pentobarbital anesthesia reversed the increases in heart rate and systemic arterial blood pressure produced by Leu5-ENK in the dog. We have now studied...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(81)80095-2
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) significantly increases in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients as a function of clinical severity. Aim of this study was to evaluate in CHF patients the relationship between circulating CNP concentrations and echo-Doppler conventional indices of left ventricular (LV) function as well ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.10.022
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to wasp kinins, the wasp venom contains a series of hydrophobic peptides, mastoparans and chemotactic peptides as major peptidergic components. The first major component in the venom is mastoparam. The peptides in the mastoparan family are tetradecapeptide amides which cause degranulation of the mast cells...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90409-7
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have cloned melanocortin receptors (MCRs) from several species of fish. The MC4R and MC5R subtypes arose early in vertebrate evolution and their primary structure is remarkably conserved. Expression and pharmacological characterization of the MCRs in fish has revealed that they bind and respond to melanocortin pept...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.11.034
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ad lib and intraoral intake tests can separate the effects of drugs on the appetitive and consummatory phases of ingestive behavior. Central angiotensin II increases ad lib intake from water bottles, but its effect on intraoral intake has not been examined. Rats with both lateral intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannu...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00269-6
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to evaluate in hypothalamus and hindbrain of rainbow trout in vitro the effect of leptin treatment on glucosensing capacity and the expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic peptides involved in the control of food intake. In a first experiment, the response of parameters involved in g...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.007
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate peripheral and central roles of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in endocrinological and behavioral changes. Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) concentration was measured as an activity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As behavioral changes, locomotion and anxie...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.06.009
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is now recognized as an important modulator of body metabolic processes. The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has renewed interest in the potential therapeutic role of RAS modulation. Recent studies have pointed out the importance of the local balance between ACE/A...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.005
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for the hydra head activator neuropeptide (HHAP). The antibody recognizes the C-terminal portion of HHAP and shows no cross-reactivity with other neuropeptides. The assay allows measurement of HHAP-like material in tissue extracts with a minimum detectable co...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(90)90081-f
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the in vitro interaction of beta-endorphin with different biomembrane preparations, measured in terms of Ca2+ induced chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence alterations indicate that beta-endorphin causes release of calcium ion from both synaptosomal and erythrocyte membrane stores but not from rat brain mit...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(83)90131-6
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The experiments reported here investigate the conditionability, using taste aversion conditioning, of the antagonistic effects of alpha-MSH on the thermoregulatory changes associated with injection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. Animals were administered LPS and then given alpha-MSH, as an un...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(94)90182-1
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As an attempt to approach the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, antral gastrin and somatostatin concentrations were studied in normal subjects, patients with duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer. In the patients with peptic ulcer, antral somatostatin concentrations were significantly lower than those in normal subject...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(81)90046-2
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the South-East Asian frog Hylarana erythraea (formerly Rana erythraea partim) has led to the identification of multiple peptides with antimicrobial activity. Structural characterization of the peptides demonstrated that they belong to the brevinin-1 (...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.013
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We show here that crotamine, a polypeptide from the South American rattlesnake venom with cell penetrating and selective anti-fungal and anti-tumoral properties, presents a potent anti-plasmodial activity in culture. Crotamine inhibits the development of the Plasmodium falciparum parasites in a dose-dependent manner [...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2016.01.013
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant sucking heteropteran bugs feed regularly on small amounts of K(+)-rich plant material, in contrast to their hematophagous relatives which imbibe large volumes of Na(+)-rich blood. It was anticipated that this would be reflected in the endocrine control of Malpighian tubule (MT) secretion. To explore this, neuroe...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.017
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute behavioral effects of some neurohypophyseal hormones after intracerebroventricular injection in mice were examined. The effects, consisting mainly of a dose-dependent stimulation of certain behaviors, were demonstrated in three different behavioral tests. The type of the induced behaviors was dependent on th...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(81)80003-4
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and endothelin (ET) are endogenous vasoactive factors that exert potent diuretic and natriuretic actions. We have previously shown that ANP and ET-3 act through an NO pathway to inhibit the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) in the intestine [Gonzalez Bosc LV, Elustondo PA, Ortiz MC, ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2003.07.030
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nervous, endocrine, and immune systems share a large number of regulatory molecules including hormones and neuropeptides. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in a variety of immunological functions. In the present report, we sorted purified thymocytes of the four major thymic subsets defined by...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(96)00070-8
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding of monoiodo 125I-Trp11-neurotensin to purified rat gastric fundus smooth muscle plasma membranes was characterized. Specific binding of ligand in subcellular fractions from rat fundus smooth muscle showed a distribution that paralleled that of several plasma membrane marker enzymes. 125I-Trp11-neurotensin ...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(84)90117-7
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Nle-Arg-Phe (DADN), a more stable derivative of the endogenous opiate Met-enkephalin related peptide Met(5)-enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) were investigated in mice. The behavioral experiments consisted of monitoring the horizontal (square crossing) and vertic...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.05.029
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcification-associated peptide (CAP)-1 is considered to play an important role in calcification of the exoskeleton of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. In this study, in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of calcification, we constructed expression systems of recombinant molecules of CAP-1 and its related pep...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.12.005
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::So far numerous antimicrobial peptides have been characterized from amphibians. In this work, a new family of antimicrobial peptides, named shuchin, was purified and characterized from skin secretions of the frog, Rana shuchinae that lives in freezing mountains. Totally two members of shuchin (shuchin 1 and 2) were id...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2010.05.014
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The biological activities of alpha-MSH des-acetyl MSH, gamma-MSH and LPH37-58 were compared using the Anolis rate method of bioassay. Dose-response data showed LPH37-58 to be equipotent with alpha-MSH, but des-acetyl MSH and gamma-MSH were found to be much less active. The effect of LPH37-58 was additive to that of al...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0196-9781(82)90134-6
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large species differences have been previously observed in the pharmacology of bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor antagonists. We investigated the effect of two novel non-peptide antagonists, compound 9 (a benzodiazepine peptidomimetic related to icatibant) and the thiosemicarbazide bradyzide on the rabbit B2 receptor (contr...
journal_title:Peptides
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00481-8
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00