Abstract:
:There is controversy as to whether the cell entry mechanism of Sindbis virus (SIN) involves direct fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane at neutral pH or uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent low-pH-induced fusion from within acidic endosomes. Here, we studied the membrane fusion activity of SIN in a liposomal model system. Fusion was followed fluorometrically by monitoring the dilution of pyrene-labeled lipids from biosynthetically labeled virus into unlabeled liposomes or from labeled liposomes into unlabeled virus. Fusion was also assessed on the basis of degradation of the viral core protein by trypsin encapsulated in the liposomes. SIN fused efficiently with receptor-free liposomes, consisting of phospholipids and cholesterol, indicating that receptor interaction is not a mechanistic requirement for fusion of the virus. Fusion was optimal at pH 5.0, with a threshold at pH 6.0, and undetectable at neutral pH, supporting a cell entry mechanism of SIN involving fusion from within acidic endosomes. Under optimal conditions, 60 to 85% of the virus fused, depending on the assay used, corresponding to all of the virus bound to the liposomes as assessed in a direct binding assay. Preincubation of the virus alone at pH 5.0 resulted in a rapid loss of fusion capacity. Fusion of SIN required the presence of both cholesterol and sphingolipid in the target liposomes, cholesterol being primarily involved in low-pH-induced virus-liposome binding and the sphingolipid catalyzing the fusion process itself. Under low-pH conditions, the E2/E1 heterodimeric envelope glycoprotein of the virus dissociated, with formation of a trypsin-resistant E1 homotrimer, which kinetically preceded the fusion reaction, thus suggesting that the E1 trimer represents the fusion-active conformation of the viral spike.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Smit JM,Bittman R,Wilschut Jdoi
10.1128/JVI.73.10.8476-8484.1999subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
8476-84issue
10eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract:UNLABELLED:Three waves of human infection with H7N9 influenza viruses have concluded to date, but only viruses within the first wave (isolated between March and September 2013) have been extensively studied in mammalian models. While second- and third-wave viruses remain closely linked phylogenetically and antigenicall...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00134-16
更新日期:2016-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs primarily via the mucosal route, suggesting that HIV-1 vaccines may need to elicit mucosal immune responses. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity and relative efficacy of systemic immunization with two human ALVAC-HIV-1 recombinant vaccines express...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.80.8.3732-3742.2006
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviral integrases associate during the early viral life cycle with preintegration complexes that catalyze the integration of reverse-transcribed viral cDNA into the host chromosomes. Several cellular and viral proteins have been reported to be incorporated in the preintegration complex. This study demonstrates tha...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02681-09
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of a reproducible model system for the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has the potential to significantly enhance the study of virus-host interactions and provide future direction for modeling the pathogenesis of HCV. While there are studies describing global gene expression changes associat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7558-7569.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the course of experiments designed to isolate deletion mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the gene encoding the major DNA-binding protein, ICP8, a mutant, d61, that grew efficiently in ICP8-expressing Vero cells but not in normal Vero cells was isolated (P. K. Orberg and P. A. Schaffer, J. Virol. 61:1136...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.11.3528-3535.1987
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The RV144 vaccine trial implicated epitopes in the C1 region of gp120 (A32-like epitopes) as targets of potentially protective antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. A32-like epitopes are highly immunogenic, as infected or vaccinated individuals frequently produce antibodies specific for ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02194-14
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic HIV infection is characterized by chronic immune activation and dysfunctional T cells with elevated intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), which inhibits the T cell activation capability. cAMP may be induced by prostaglandin E(2) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/JVI.00073-11
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of tumor-inducing genes is a driving force for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Many retroviruses induce tumors by insertion of viral DNA adjacent to cellular oncogenes, resulting in altered expression and/or structure of the encoded proteins. The availability of the mouse gen...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.3.2056-2062.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonpathogenic human defective parvovirus adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 induced differentiation-associated antigens in cells of the human leukemia cell line HL60 (CD 67), as well as in two different lines of immortalized human keratinocytes, HaCaT and HPK Ia cells (involucrin and cytokeratin 10). Simultaneous...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.66.7.4191-4200.1992
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arenaviruses can cause lethal hemorrhagic fevers in humans with few preventative and therapeutic measures. The arenaviral glycoprotein stable signal peptide (SSP) is unique among signal peptides in that it is an integral component of the mature glycoprotein complex (GPC) and plays important roles not only in GPC expre...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01154-16
更新日期:2016-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::The tempo and intensity of retroviral neuropathogenesis are dependent on the capacity of the virus to invade the central nervous system. For murine leukemia viruses, an important determinant of neuroinvasiveness is the virus-encoded protein glycosylated Gag, the function of which in the virus life cycle is not known. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.7.5619-5625.1998
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protocols have been established for the preparation of large amounts of pure measles virus intracellular nucleocapsids. As a result, it has been possible to routinely achieve nucleocapsid RNA yields of approximately 200 micrograms (from approximately 5 X 10(8) infected cells). Electrophoretic analysis of this RNA unde...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.49.1.57-65.1984
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The four major Epstein-Barr virion envelope components were separated by column chromatography and reconstituted into artificial liposomes. These liposomes were tested for their ability to bind selectively to Epstein-Barr virus receptor-positive cells. Only when the two high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, VE1 and VE2...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.41.1.286-297.1982
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polypeptide synthesis has been studied in cell-free systems prepared from vaccinia virus-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. Cytoplasmic extracts containing endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid were used. Amino acid incorporation into hot trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material was linear for 15 to 20 min at 37 C....
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.4.4.416-422.1969
更新日期:1969-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronaviruses generally have a narrow host range, infecting one or just a few species. Using targeted RNA recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (S) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the S protein of fel...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.3.1393-1406.2000
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type I interferon (IFN-I) inhibits the replication of different viruses. However, the effect of IFN-I on the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) viral cycle is controversial. Here, we investigated the consequences of IFN-α addition for different steps of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection. We first show that alpha int...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02758-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterovirus 71 (EV71) (genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae), a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), may also cause severe neurological diseases, such as encephalitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis. To examine the genetic diversity and rate of evolution of EV71, we have determined and analyzed c...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.12.9969-9975.1999
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mutant which produces a small-headed ("petite") variant of bacteriophage T4 is described. The mutation (E920g) maps in a new gene (66) between genes 23 and 24. Petite phage particles composed up to 70% of the phage yield. The petite phage was nonviable upon single infection but produced progeny when two or more infe...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.6.6.865-876.1970
更新日期:1970-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The product of the v-myb oncogene of avian myeloblastosis virus is a nuclear protein with an associated DNA-binding activity. We demonstrated that the highly conserved amino-terminal domain of p48v-myb is required for its associated DNA-binding activity. This activity is not required for the nuclear localization of p4...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.11.4398-4402.1988
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped positive-stranded RNA hepatotropic virus. HCV pseudoparticles infect liver-derived cells, supporting a model in which liver-specific molecules define HCV internalization. Three host cell molecules have been reported to be important entry factors or receptors for HCV internalizat...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02286-07
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants (N(-)nin) of bacteriophage lambda in which the N gene product is not required for growth on wild-type Escherichia coli do not plate on recA bacterial mutants. Secondary mutants, selected for growth on recA, lie within the immunity region to the right of gene cI and appear identical to the cro mutants of Eisen ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.9.6.938-945.1972
更新日期:1972-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an unusually attractive target for drug discovery since it contains five distinct drugable sites. The success of novel antiviral therapies will require nonnucleoside inhibitors to be active in at least patients infected with HCV of subtypes 1a and 1...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01980-09
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in several subgenomic regions of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been implicated in influencing the response to interferon (IFN) therapy. Sequences within HCV NS5A (PKR binding domain [PKRBD], IFN sensitivity-determining region [ISDR], and variable region 3 [V3]) were analyzed for the pretreatment serum samples...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02231-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The C-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) is a dimer that binds to DNA in a nonspecific manner. The structure of the minimal region required for DNA binding (IN220-270) has been solved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The overall fold of the C-terminal domain of HIV...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.6.4841-4848.1998
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) mutant Ad2ts111 has previously been shown to contain two mutations which result in a complex phenotype. Ad2ts111 contains a single base change in the early region 1B (E1B) 19,000-molecular-weight (19K) coding region which yields a cyt deg phenotype and another defect which maps to the...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.57.3.883-892.1986
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic conflicts between retroviruses and their receptors result in the evolution of novel host entry restrictions and novel virus envelopes, and such variants can influence trans-species transmission. We screened rodents and other mammals for sequence variation in the Xpr1 receptor for the mouse xenotropic or polytr...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01549-10
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The E6 oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) interacts with several nuclear transcription factors and coactivators in addition to cytoplasmic proteins, suggesting that nuclear import of HPV16 E6 plays a role in the cellular transformation process. In this study we have investigated the nuclear ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.4.2330-2337.2003
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic bottlenecks are important events in the genetic diversification of organisms and colonization of new ecological niches. Repeated bottlenecking of RNA viruses often leads to fitness losses due to the operation of Muller's ratchet. Herein we use vesicular stomatitis virus to determine the transmission population...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.5.2869-2872.1995
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that a mutant Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) with an alternate polypurine tract (PPT), DuckHepBFlipPPT, had unexpectedly high titers and that the PPT was miscleaved primarily at one position following a GA dinucleotide by the RNase H of reverse transcriptase (RT). This miscleavage resulted in a portio...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00499-08
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous observations indicated that upon infection with minute virus of mice (MVM), Ehrlich ascites cells lose a transcription elongation activity which is essential for the readthrough of the MVM attenuator. This was monitored by the ability of extracts from uninfected but not from infected cells to support read...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.4.2741-2745.1994
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00