Nitric oxide mediates cyclosporine-induced apoptosis in cultured renal cells.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The clinical use of cyclosporine (CsA) is limited by its nephrotoxicity. Apoptosis, perhaps instigated by increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, may play a role in such toxicity. METHODS:Human mesangial cells, human tubular cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, or murine endothelial cells were cultured with CsA at final concentrations of 0 to 1000 ng/mL for 4 to 24 hours. As inhibitors of apoptosis, 0.01 mol/L L-nitromethylarginine (L-NAME) or 1 microg/mL cycloheximide (CHX) was added, whereas 0.01 mol/L sodium nitroprusside (as a nitric oxide donor) was used as a positive control. Apoptosis was assessed by using TUNEL method and by DNA fragmentation by electrophoresis. In addition, NOS enzymatic activity, Northern blots for inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA, and immunohistochemically demonstrable iNOS protein were evaluated. RESULTS:Within 12 to 24 hours, CsA significantly increased the fraction (8 to 35%) of apoptotic cells in each cell line, according to the dose. Fragmentation of DNA confirmed apoptosis. L-NAME and CHX inhibited the phenomenon, whereas sodium nitroprusside enhanced it. Each cell line significantly increased NOS activity in response to CsA, an effect blunted by L-NAME and CHX. Neither inhibitor modified the increased iNOS mRNA expression elicited by CsA. Positive staining for both iNOS and p53 proteins was observed in all cell lines incubated with CsA that were inhibited by CHX; L-NAME inhibited only p53 staining. CONCLUSIONS:CsA induces apoptosis in various renal cell lines, and this effect is mediated by the induction of iNOS via p53. These effects may contribute to the acellular fibrosis characteristic of late CsA nephrotoxicity.

journal_name

Kidney Int

journal_title

Kidney international

authors

Amore A,Emancipator SN,Cirina P,Conti G,Ricotti E,Bagheri N,Coppo R

doi

10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00999.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-04-01 00:00:00

pages

1549-59

issue

4

eissn

0085-2538

issn

1523-1755

pii

S0085-2538(15)46904-2

journal_volume

57

pub_type

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