Abstract:
:Heart failure is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Because heart failure is difficult to diagnose accurately on the basis of the history and physical examination alone, It is vital that clinical evaluation such as echocardiography be used to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, it is important to identify etiologic or predisposing factors that may be reversible. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should be considered in all patients with a diagnosis of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, unless contraindications exist. Diuretics and digoxin are helpful in specific circumstances. Comorbid factors such as excessive alcohol intake and coronary artery insufficiency should be addressed. Patient and family education and cooperation with medical regimens can reduce morbidity and mortality.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Mair FSsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
245-54, 258-60issue
1eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Poisoning is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with several million episodes reported annually. Acute medication poisonings account for nearly one half of all poisonings reported in the United States and should be considered in persons with an acute change in mental status. The initial ap...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly one-half [corrected] of Americans older than 85 years. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tau tangles, and depletion of acetylcholine are among the pathologic manifest...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroid function tests, radioiodine uptake and scintiscanning, and antithyroid antibody titers are the main laboratory tests useful in the management of goiter. Scintiscanning and ultrasonography aid in differentiating a functioning adenoma from a "cold" solid nodule--a crucial distinction since the incidence of cance...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eczematous dermatitis is a common condition that can interfere with social function, sleep and employment. Its persistence and accompanying pruritus may be stressful and frustrating for patients. The most common and best characterized type of eczema, atopic dermatitis, appears to be increasing in incidence. Other comm...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial advances have been made in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Mesalamine and olsalazine are new anti-inflammatory agents that may serve as alternatives to corticosteroids and sulfasalazine, which have been the mainstays of medical therapy. These new agents are available in oral, enema and suppos...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Every year in the United States, at least 250,000 deaths are attributed to lack of physical activity. Because of the health benefits of physical activity, national guidelines recommend participation in 30 minutes of accumulated moderate-intensity physical activity such as walking fast on five or more days of the week....
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Gas, bloating, and belching are associated with a variety of conditions but are most commonly caused by functional gastrointestinal disorders. These disorders are characterized by disordered motility and visceral hypersensitivity that are often worsened by psychological distress. An organized approach to the evaluatio...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord compression from metastatic cancer is a medical emergency. Prompt intervention affords the best chance for successful recovery, while delay may result in devastating neurologic impairment. In the appropriate clinical setting, emergency myelography should be done to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic disea...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is the most common hip disorder in adolescents, and it has a prevalence of 10.8 cases per 100,000 children. It usually occurs in children eight to 15 years of age, and it is one of the most commonly missed diagnoses in children. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis is classified as stabl...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of the allergic individual is facilitated by an awareness of certain characteristic actions and various facial lesions which may be clues to other allergic problems. A gaping expression, clearing of the throat and rubbing or mashing of the eyes and nose may indicate significant rhinitis. Dark circles and b...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the more commonly used herbal supplements. Although often consumed for culinary purposes, it is taken by many patients to treat a variety of conditions. Ginger has been shown to be effective for pregnancy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting. There is less evidence to su...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wide complex tachycardias are cardiac rhythm disorders with three or more consecutive beats, rates exceeding 100 beats per minute and a QRS duration of 120 msec (0.12 second) or greater. The width of the QRS complex should be verified in a number of leads, since the QRS complex often appears mistakenly narrower (i.e.,...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D deficiency among hospitalized patients may be more widespread than realized. Vague musculoskeletal complaints in these chronically ill patients may be attributed to multiple underlying disease processes rather than a deficiency in vitamin D. However, the failure to diagnose an underlying deficiency places th...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydial cervicitis has the potential for serious gynecologic complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. In the pregnant patient, this infection is associated with premature rupture of membranes and increased fetal morbidity and mortality. In addition, infants infected b...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although often used in the medical management of anxiety, insomnia, seizures and muscle spasm, benzodiazepines lead to significant complications after continuous use. These complications include tolerance, addiction, dependence and abuse. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria and treatment of side effects improves the ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appropriate preconception health care improves pregnancy outcomes. When started at least one month before conception, folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects. Targeted genetic screening and counseling should be offered on the basis of age, ethnic background, or family history. Before conception, women s...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cirrhosis is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules. The modified Child-Pugh score, which ranks the severity of cirrhosis based on signs and liver function test results, has been shown to predict survival. Strategies have been esta...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The physician needs to know the signs, symptoms and recommended treatments of drug overdoses. Overdose of hallucinogens usually does not require drug therapy. Overdose of amphetamines ("uppers") may be complicated by the presence of PCP, a dissociative substance. It is important for the physician to be familiar with t...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign disorder in which cartilaginous loose bodies develop about the large joints, usually the knee. It is caused by synovial metaplasia of unknown etiology. Symptoms are due either to mechanical problems caused by the loose bodies or to the degenerative arthritis that usually follow...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians screen adults for alcohol misuse and provide persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking behaviors with brief behavioral counseling to reduce alcohol misuse. However, only a minority of American adults with high-risk alcohol use receive treatment. T...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::HELLP, a syndrome characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels and a low platelet count, is an obstetric complication that is frequently misdiagnosed at initial presentation. Many investigators consider the syndrome to be a variant of preeclampsia, but it may be a separate entity. The pathogenesis of HELLP...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse publicity about nursing homes increases the anguish of many people as they face the decision of placing a loved one in a nursing home. It is true that there are shortcomings in some nursing homes: poorly trained staff, unesthetic environment, little privacy, few activities and loss of identity. Nevertheless, i...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptic ulcer disease is strongly associated with infection by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped, flagellated organism found predominantly in the gastric antrum. More than 90 percent of duodenal ulcers and adenocarcinomas of the distal stomach are associated with H. pylori infection. Eradication of the organism effe...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is the most common chronic condition treated by family physicians. Elevated blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of these events. Several lifestyle modifications are assoc...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children six months to four years of age are at greatest risk for aspiration of foreign bodies. A history of coughing after contact with small objects is the most important clue. The clinical presentation varies from paroxysms of choking and coughing to chronic cough or wheezing. Chest radiographs are normal in up to ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finger fractures and dislocations are common injuries that are often managed by family physicians. A systematic physical examination is imperative to avoid complications and poor outcomes following these injuries. Radiography (commonly anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique views) is required in the evaluation of ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of the urine, throat and genitalia account for 90 percent of the cultures performed in an outpatient setting. The presence of a urinary tract infection, Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci or Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be ascertained easily, quickly, accurately and inexpensively in an office laboratory. Only a...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, accounting for approximately 6,000 deaths per year in the United States. It is more common in women who are older, white, affluent obese and of low parity. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are also predisposing factors. Because any condition that increase...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A biopsychosocial theory and approach to drug-seeking behavior suggests new questions for the family physician to ask his patient when psychotropic drugs are being considered. The theory and rational guidelines for prescribing allow the physician to make more appropriate decisions when faced with difficult situations....
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00