Abstract：
:Congenital hearing loss is estimated to affect one in every 1,000 newborns. Causes of hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural, mixed, or central. Known risk factors for congenital hearing loss include cytomegalovirus infection and premature birth necessitating a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. However, up to 42 percent of profoundly hearing-impaired children will be missed using only risk-based screening. Universal newborn hearing screening is a way to identify hearing-impaired newborns with or without risk factors. Newborns with positive screening tests should be referred for definitive testing and intervention services. Whether early intervention in hearing-impaired children identified with universal screening improves language and communication skills has not been established by good-quality studies. However, universal screening has been endorsed by most national children's health organizations because of the ease of administering the screening tests and the ability to identify children who may need early intervention.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Wrightson ASsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-05-01 00:00:00pages
1349-52issue
9eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Celiac disease is a genetic, immunologically mediated small bowel enteropathy that causes malabsorption. The immune inflammatory response to gluten frequently causes damage to many other tissues of the body. The condition is frequently underdiagnosed because of its protean presentations. New prevalence data indicate t...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is a disorder that most commonly affects young adults but occasionally appears in the elderly. Muscle weakness and easy fatigability, particularly of the ocular muscles, are characteristic. Diagnosis is confirmed by electromyography and the edrophonium (Tensilon) test. The pathology results from inab...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and women. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease have been declining over the past two decades because of early detection and treatment. Screening in persons at average risk should begin at 50 years of age; the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recom...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The physical examination requires careful palpation of pulses and measurement of blood pressure, evaluation of heart sounds (including detection of the third heart sound) and appreciation of clicks and murmurs. Combined with the chest x-ray and electrocardiographic findings, these steps usually lead to the most common...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:House calls can still serve many functions in the overall care of the patient. By improving the relationship between physician and patient, providing the physician with important information that can only be gained from a home visit and allowing the physician to remain active in the care of the homebound patient, hous...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergies may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting and pain, dermatologic manifestations, asthma and rhinitis. The most common offender among the foodstuffs is milk. Elimination diets are designed not only to remove the offending food but to identify it and to prevent new sensitizations. Canker s...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:External hemorrhoids represent distended vascular tissue in the anal canal distal to the dentate line. Persons with thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually present with pain on standing, sitting or defecating. Acutely tender, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can be surgically removed if encountered within the first 72 ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular arrhythmia that adversely affects cardiac function and increases the risk of stroke. It is the most common arrhythmia and a major source of morbidity and mortality; its prevalence increases with age. Pulse rate is sensitive, but not specific, for diagnosis, and suspected atria...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Most commonly, constipation in the infant is functional, with increased tone of colonic smooth muscle. Hirschsprung's disease is the best known of the infrequent organic causes. Treatment includes reassurance of parents, use of sugars, fluids and bulk and care of fissures. Voluntary stool withholding occurs in older c...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A comprehensive medical history that includes questions about a personal and family history of cardiovascular disease is the most important initial component of the preparticipation athletic evaluation. Additional questions should focus on any history of neurologic or musculoskeletal problems. A limited physical exami...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of eating disorders is difficult regardless of the methods employed. Pharmacologic management in anorexia nervosa and in bulimia nervosa is especially helpful when it is part of a multimodal treatment approach that includes individual, family and behavioral therapy. Care must be taken to guard against side e...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mild elevations in levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase are commonly discovered in asymptomatic patients in primary care. Evidence to guide the diagnostic workup is limited. If the history and physical examination do not suggest a cause, a stepwise evaluation should be initiated ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:People with acute bronchitis may show little evidence of bacterial infection. If effective, antibiotics could shorten the course of the disease. However, if they are not effective, the risk of antibiotic resistance may be increased. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotic treatme...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the U.S. Considerable controversy surrounds this operation because all previous studies have demonstrated experimental flaws that compromise the value of the findings. While an apparent immunologic deficit following T&A has been...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Joint and soft tissue injection of the ankle and foot region is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. This article reviews the injection procedure for the plantar fascia, ankle joint, tarsal tunnel, interdigital space, and first metatarsophalangeal joint. Indications for plantar fascia inj...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening systemic reaction, normally occurring within one to two hours of exposure to an allergen. The incidence of anaphylaxis in the United States is 2.1 per 1,000 person-years. Most anaphylactic reactions occur outside the hospital setting. Urticaria, difficulty breathing, and mucosal swell...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of drugs are introduced every year, and new interactions between medications are increasingly reported. Consequently, it is no longer practical for physicians to rely on memory alone to avoid potential drug interactions. Multiple drug regimens carry the risk of adverse interactions. Precipitant drugs mo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Management of a wide variety of musculoskeletal conditions requires the use of a cast or splint. Splints are noncircumferential immobilizers that accommodate swelling. This quality makes splints ideal for the management of a variety of acute musculoskeletal conditions in which swelling is anticipated, such as acute fr...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the role of digoxin therapy has been the subject of debate, the drug is generally accepted as effective in the treatment of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and as therapy for atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Serum digoxin concentrations are commonly used to gauge patient re...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parathyroid hyperplasia is second only to adenoma as the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism. Symptoms are most likely to result from elevated serum calcium levels. Symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Studies that may help confirm a suspected diagnosis include ultrasonography, computed tomograp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A throat culture is necessary for accurate diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The use of penicillin therapy in every patient with sore throat results in overtreatment of 85 percent of children and 95 percent of adults presenting to family physicians with the complaint of sore throat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tricyclic antidepressants have anticholinergic, adrenolytic and quinidine-like activity. These actions result in a variety of cardiac and blood pressure effects. Tricyclic antidepressants can reverse the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and clonidine. Orthostatic hypotension may be increased with diuretics and ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suspect this common syndrome in young women who are pregnant or on oral contraceptives, in menopausal women, in patients performing unaccustomed repetitive manual activity, in those on hemodialysis and in those with endocrine abnormalities. Diagnosis requires precise neurologic examination and electrodiagnostic studie...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter's syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hawthorn medicinal extract has long been a favored herbal remedy in Europe. The active components of this slow-acting cardiotonic agent are thought to be flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins. The most studied hawthorn extracts are WS 1442 and LI 132. Reviews of placebo- controlled trials have reported both subjectiv...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypertension is the most common chronic condition treated by family physicians. Elevated blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, and death. Treatment of hypertension reduces the risk of these events. Several lifestyle modifications are assoc...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens of the influenza virus periodically undergo major or minor structural changes. These influence epidemiologic patterns and the composition of vaccine. Annual vaccination is recommended for individuals at increased risk of complications from lower respiratory tract in...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ganglioneuroblastoma, although a rare neoplasm, is one of the most common causes of posterior mediastinal masses in children. This tumor occurs in children from one to 10 years of age. With intrathoracic involvement, the tumor may remain asymptomatic until it is large. The case reported illustrates a typical presentat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries from power lawnmowers most frequently involve the toes or the foot. The most common injury is caused by an extremity being caught in the moving parts of the machine. The greatest injury is to the skin and soft tissue by degloving or avulsion. Most of these injuries, especially those which occur to children wh...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physician is increasingly asked to play a role in relocating elderly patients to special housing. The goal is to find the housing that is best suited to the patient's needs. Important factors to be considered are building design, sponsorship, financing and nonshelter services. Proper housing, with appropriate supp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
