Abstract:
:The chief side effect of phenobarbital is drowsiness, which is usually associated with overdosage. Phenytoin, on the other hand, causes gingival hyperplasia in many patients, irreversible hypertrichosis in some patients and lethal reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, in a few patients. Antiepileptic therapy should always be started with one drug. Phenytoin is specifically contraindicated as the drug of first choice for infants, females (especially adolescents) and children receiving orthodontic treatment.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Livingston S,Pauli LL,Pruce I,Kramer IIsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-08-01 00:00:00pages
123-7issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Although clinical evaluation remains the cornerstone in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the ancillary study of choice. An important diagnostic tool, MRI can also be used to assess disease load, activity and progression, and distinguish between acute and chronic lesi...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium bot...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia, affecting nearly one-half [corrected] of Americans older than 85 years. It is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Amyloid plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tau tangles, and depletion of acetylcholine are among the pathologic manifest...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Thyroiditis is a spectrum of diseases that includes acute, subacute and chronic thyroiditis, all of which demonstrate the histologic findings of inflammation, fibrosis or lymphocytic infiltration. Acute thyroiditis is an infectious disease characterized by the abrupt onset of anterior neck pain and swelling. Subacute ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Synovial osteochondromatosis is a benign disorder in which cartilaginous loose bodies develop about the large joints, usually the knee. It is caused by synovial metaplasia of unknown etiology. Symptoms are due either to mechanical problems caused by the loose bodies or to the degenerative arthritis that usually follow...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic facial (Bell's) palsy is an affliction commonly seen and managed by the family physician. Although the prognosis is generally good, steroids and cromolyn sodium have each been advocated to enhance full recovery. Surgical exploration of the nerve is indicated when the diagnosis is unclear. Various measures m...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Menière's disease may be the underlying cause of dizziness, which is a common presenting complaint. This disease is differentiated from other causes of dizziness by its classic constellation of four symptoms; dizziness characterized as episodic spinning or whirling vertigo; fluctuating, low-frequency sensorineural hea...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A throat culture is necessary for accurate diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. The use of penicillin therapy in every patient with sore throat results in overtreatment of 85 percent of children and 95 percent of adults presenting to family physicians with the complaint of sore throat...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella pneumophila is transmitted by aerosolization of water or dust from soil. There are six serotypes and four newly recognized related organisms. Sporadic cased of Legionnaires; disease are more common than epidemic case and are less likely to be suspected . Most reporters cases are characterized by severe pneu...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heart failure is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Because heart failure is difficult to diagnose accurately on the basis of the history and physical examination alone, It is vital that clinical evaluation such as echocardiography be used to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, it is important to i...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spondyloarthropathies include ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis (including Reiter's syndrome), psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-associated spondyloarthropathy, and undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy. These diseases are linked by their association with the HLA-B27 gene and by the presence ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::AIDS dementia complex is a major source of disability for many AIDS patients. Less commonly, the spinal cord or peripheral nerves are affected by HIV infection. Physicians working with AIDS patients must differentiate these manifestations from those caused by the infectious, neoplastic and vascular complications. ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult immunization rates have fallen short of national goals partly because of misconceptions about the safety and benefits of current vaccines. The danger of these misconceptions is magnified during pregnancy, when concerned physicians are hesitant to administer vaccines and patients are reluctant to accept them. Rou...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Infectious endocarditis results from bacterial or fungal infection of the endocardial surface of the heart and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include the presence of a prosthetic heart valve, structural or congenital heart disease, intravenous drug use, and a recent history of inv...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrofluoric acid is widely used in both industrial and household settings. The acid may cause insidious burns that can be very destructive. If the burns are not treated appropriately, the continued action of the free fluoride ion leads to liquefaction necrosis of the affected soft tissues, bony erosion and, ultimatel...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain in adults and children, with a lifetime risk of 8.6% in males and 6.7% in females. It is the most common nonobstetric surgical emergency during pregnancy. Findings from the history, physical examination, and laboratory studies aid in the diagnosis o...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rational use of psychoactive drugs in frail elderly patients requires an understanding of the physiologic changes produced by aging and chronic disease. Other drugs being used and the patient's nutritional status and lifestyle also must be considered. Affective disorders and thought disorders may be effectively treate...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Childhood bullying has potentially serious implications for bullies and their targets. Bullying involves a pattern of repeated aggression, a deliberate intent to harm or disturb a victim despite the victim's apparent distress, and a real or perceived imbalance of power. Bullying can lead to serious academic, social, e...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health promotion activities benefit the elderly as much as they benefit younger persons. Motor vehicle accident and pedestrian injuries can be reduced by encouraging seat belt use and identifying unsafe drivers. Both medical and environmental factors should be considered in the prevention of falls in the elderly. All ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vomiting, amnesia, a history of falls and other injuries, and depression and anxiety may all be clues to a drinking problem. Decreased work performance, absenteeism and difficulty in getting along with others may be present. Coming to grips with the problem is essential. Once the patient accepts the need for abstinenc...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac pacemakers are generally used in conditions where bradyarrhythmia is a major problem, such as advanced heart block, sick sinus syndrome and bundle branch block. Temporary or permanent pacing may be needed to control certain tachyarrhythmias refractory to medical therapy. Temporary pacing may be of value in the...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has redefined the threshold of concern for low-level lead toxicity, reducing it from a blood lead level of 25 micrograms per dL (1.21 mumol per L) to a blood lead level of 10 micrograms per dL (0.48 mumol per L), and has recommended universal screening of young children. ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteopetrosis is a hereditary disorder in which pathologic alteration of osteoclast resorption of bone results in thickening of cortical and lamellar bone. Before bone marrow transplantation, the infantile recessive form was uniformly fatal within the first two decades of life as a result of invasion of the marrow spa...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Burns are the second most common cause of death in childhood. More than half of pediatric burns are partial-thickness scald burns; the majority occur in the kitchen. Generally, minor burns may be treated on an outpatient basis, while moderate burns are treated in a community hospital. Children with major burns should ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood sample for phenylketonuria (PKU) screening should be obtained at least 12 hours after the infant's birth. Newborn screening for PKU has largely eliminated mental retardation caused by this disease. If the first phenylalanine test demonstrates positive results, a repeat test should be performed. Treatment to ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although falls are a common cause of injury in older persons, they are not just a normal part of the aging process. The American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society recommend that all adults older than 65 years be screened annually for a history of falls or balance impairment. An individualized risk asse...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preparticipation physical evaluation is a commonly requested medical visit for amateur and professional athletes of all ages. The overarching goal is to maximize the health of athletes and their safe participation in sports. Although studies have not found that the preparticipation physical evaluation prevents mor...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subungual hemorrhage, onychauxis, onychogryphosis, mycotic infections, onychia and paronychia are common toenail disorders in the elderly. The many contributing factors include impaired vision, changes in gait, past foot conditions and neurovascular disease. Hyperkeratotic disorders are secondary to external or intern...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vacuum extractors have replaced forceps for many situations in which assistance is required to achieve vaginal delivery. Compared with metal-cup vacuum extractors, soft-cup devices are easier to use and cause fewer neonatal scalp injuries; however, they detach more frequently. Vacuum extractors can cause neonatal inju...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Functional constipation is the cause of fecal incontinence in 95 percent of affected children, and anatomic or neurologic causes account for up to 5 percent of cases. The history and the physical examination (with emphasis on abdominal, rectal and neurologic examinations) are most helpful in identifying organic diseas...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00