Retinal prosthesis for the blind.

abstract：:A 63-year-old man developed bilateral conjunctival injection and irritation followed by periocular discomfort and diplopia. Within weeks left proptosis and intermittent fever were noted. Orbital CT scan showed bilateral nodular enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the extraocul...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Slamovits TL,Burde RM

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endothelium influences local vascular tone by releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin and a putative hyperpolarizing factor. In isolated ophthalmic arteries and the perfused eye, all endothelial factors importantly contribute to vascular regulation. In larger ophthalmic ve...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Haefliger IO,Meyer P,Flammer J,Lüscher TF

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal eye movements in the infant or voting child can be congenital or acquired. They may be a result of abnormal early visual development or a sign of underlying neurologic or neuromuscular disease. It is important to be able to detect these abnormalities and to distinguish them from normal but immature eye moveme...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Cassidy L,Taylor D,Harris C

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The only Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, led a long and eventful life. He was a Mississippi planter, a husband, a father, West Point graduate, war hero, congressman, senator, secretary of war, and finally President of the Confederate States of America. In many ways he was a study of contrast with his northern ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hertle RW,Spellman R

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundant data about retinal tears has shown that they are prevalent in the general population and that the vast majority of retinal tears do not lead to retinal detachment. What remains to be clarified are the criteria for identifying the few retinal breaks which require prophylactic surgery to prevent their progr...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Sigelman J

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 24-year-old man experienced the sudden onset of a painless superior-temporal visual field defect of the left eye. Fundoscopy showed peripapillary pigmentary changes and a few nasal retinal white spots. Automated perimetry demonstrated an enlarged blind spot. The differential diagnosis of the various presumed inflamm...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Bhatti MT,Holt JL,Slavin M

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The introduction of the concept of blood-ocular barriers in the ophthalmic literature is briefly reviewed. Two main blood-ocular barriers are proposed: the blood-aqueous barrier and the blood-retinal barrier. The blood-aqueous barrier is formed by an epithelial barrier located in the nonpigmented layer of the ciliary ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Cunha-Vaz J

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in immunology, particularly ocular immunology, have been accompanied by the emergence of safer, more specific immunosuppressive drugs, notably, cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclosporine A, bromocriptine, dapsone, and colchicine. These drugs have become an important, and often es...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hemady R,Tauber J,Foster CS

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs across many pharmacologic classes induce corneal epithelial changes. Many of these drugs have cationic amphiphilic structures, with a hydrophobic ring and hydrophilic cationic amine side chain that allow them to cross cell membranes. These drugs lead to intracellular phospholipid accumulation, often manifested i...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Raizman MB,Hamrah P,Holland EJ,Kim T,Mah FS,Rapuano CJ,Ulrich RG

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Corneal lymphangiogenesis is the extension of lymphatic vessels into the normally alymphatic cornea, a process that compromises the cornea's immune-privileged state and facilitates herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). HSK results most commonly from infection by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and is characterized by immun...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Park PJ,Chang M,Garg N,Zhu J,Chang JH,Shukla D

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 30-year-old woman developed left-sided headaches and ipsilateral oculosympathetic paresis (Horner's syndrome) secondary to carotid dissection. Although she initially denied preceding trauma, further questioning revealed a pattern of physical abuse by her boyfriend, including an attempted strangulation shortly before...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Purvin V

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disorders of the orbit can secondarily involve the eye. Although nonspecific, changes which can be noted on funduscopic examination including abnormalities of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve, can be secondary to an underlying orbital process. Awareness of these findings and their association with orbital disease ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： De La Paz MA,Boniuk M

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent clinical trials have changed the management paradigm for diabetic macular edema (DME). There is an urgent need to identify the most effective ways of preventing retinopathy or intervening at an early, asymptomatic stage in order to preserve vision. The rise in the incidence of diabetes is a serious public healt...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Kiire CA,Porta M,Chong V

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The light and electron microscopic findings are reviewed in two patients who had eyes enucleated for peripheral choroidal malignant melanomas. Preoperatively, cystoid macular edema was documented by fluorescein angiography in the melanoma-containing eye in both patients. Intracytoplasmic swelling (edema) of the Müller...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Yanoff M,Fine BS,Brucker AJ,Eagle RC Jr

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 34-year-old man with AIDS was admitted to the hospital with a one-week history of cough, chest pain, and fever. Radiography revealed a cavitating left upper lobe lesion. Two weeks later he developed a headache associated with a contrast enhancing lesion in the right parietal lobe. The patient had a progressive downh...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Hedges TR 3rd

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Jules Gonin's former student presents a personal and historical biography of the Swiss ophthalmologist, who, between 1902 and 1921, explored and illustrated the many unknown aspects of retinal detachment, defined its pathogenesis, and developed the method of reattachment by ignipuncture and thermocautery. ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Rumpf J

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of this review is to present the current knowledge on specific growth factor involvement in posterior segment eye disease. Growth factors can be defined as multifunctional signals which modify cell growth or proliferation, alone or in concert, by binding to specific cell surface receptors. Their biological ef...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Wiedemann P

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, which are formulated as ophthalmic eyedrop preparations, have recently become commercially available for use by ophthalmologists in the United States to inhibit intraoperative miosis during cataract surgery and to prevent postoperative inflammation. In addition, they are available worldwide...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Flach AJ

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bilateral disk swelling and marked peripapillary and macular exudates were found on routine ophthalmologic examination in a 12 1/2-year-old girl. Eleven months later, with persistent findings, her blood pressure was found to be extremely elevated. She had an Ask-Upmark kidney, a rare form of segmental renal hypoplasia...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Leavitt JA,Pruthi S,Morgenstern BZ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An 81-year-old-woman developed a right facial palsy and orbital cellulitis following an apparently innocuous puncture injury of the right lower eyelid. Generalized tetanus ensued which proved fatal despite aggressive treatment including use of tetanus immune globulin, wound debridement, and neuromuscular blockade with...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Searl SS

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is important to equip future ophthalmic surgeons with appropriate surgical skills without compromising patient care. The ExPRESS implant surgery is very similar to trabeculectomy surgery in both efficacy and technique, but is less traumatic and may be prone to less postoperative hypotony and require less postoperat...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Freidl KB,Moster MR

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Orbital aspergillosis is an uncommon but serious infection that may first present to the ophthalmologist. Usually arising from the paranasal sinuses, it may present in manifold ways within the orbit. Some presentations, such as optic nerve involvement, can respond to systemic corticosteroids, leading to delays in diag...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Levin LA,Avery R,Shore JW,Woog JJ,Baker AS

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison has been made between pars plana lansectomy and intracapsular cataract extraction Pars plana lensectomy has been shown to have many advantages. It is applicable to any age, while intracapsular cataract extraction is restricted to patients over 30 years old. It can be used in any type of cataract, whereas ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Girard LJ

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial diseases frequently manifest neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and signs. Because of the predilection of mitochondrial disorders to involve the optic nerves, extraocular muscles, retina, and even the retrochiasmal visual pathways, the ophthalmologist is often the first physician to be consulted. Disorders ca...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Fraser JA,Biousse V,Newman NJ

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Through the efforts of Dr. Townley Paton, eye banks were founded in New York in the early 1940s. Since that time there has been steady growth in both the supply of and demand for donor material. A number of factors have contributed to the success of eye banks in the U.S.A., including improvements in eye banking techni...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Farge EJ

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optic disk imaging is integral to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with glaucoma. We discuss the various forms of imaging the optic nerve, including ophthalmoscopy, photography, and newer imaging modalities, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT), and scanning...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Spaeth GL,Reddy SC

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In treating periocular basal cell carcinoma the goal is to achieve the most complete eradication of affected tissue while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. In the first of these "Viewpoints" articles, Drs. Leshin and Yeatts discuss the success of Mohs' microsurgical technique (MMS) in both regards. Moreov...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Leshin B,Yeatts P,Anscher M,Montano G,Dutton JJ

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a disease of ocular anatomy that is related to pupillary-block and angle-crowding mechanisms of filtration angle closure. Eyes at increased risk for primary angle-closure are small with decreased axial length, anterior chamber depth, and fil...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Tarongoy P,Ho CL,Walton DS

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seventy percent of the blood flow to the eye goes to the choroid, a structure that is vitally important to the function of the retina. The in vivo structure of the choroid in health and disease is incompletely visualized with traditional imaging modalities, including indocyanine green angiography, ultrasonography, and...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mrejen S,Spaide RF

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on their mechanism of action, the most frequently used ocular hypertensive agents, the beta-blockers, cannot be assumed to reduce IOP during sleep. The need for drugs that reduce IOP around-the-clock is underscored, however, by the fact that inadequate nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure is considered to be one ...

journal_title：Survey of ophthalmology

authors： Mishima HK,Kiuchi Y,Takamatsu M,Rácz P,Bito LZ

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00