DDT-treatment of rivers for eradication of Simuliidae.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine how, during the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in western Africa, States Parties to the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR) followed the IHR's international travel recommendations. METHODS:In 2015, we used the Google search engine to investigate the 196 States...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Rhymer W,Speare R

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:In 1999, a tuberculosis (TB) crisis was declared in the Western Pacific Region. APPROACH:In response, WHO established the Stop TB Special Project, which sought to halve 2000 levels of TB prevalence and mortality by 2010 through first reaching the global 2005 TB targets. LOCAL SETTING:Particular issues in the ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： van Maaren P,Tomas B,Glaziou P,Kasai T,Ahn D

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a complex community intervention in rural Zambia improved understanding of maternal health and increased use of maternal health-care services. METHODS:The intervention took place in six rural districts selected by the Zambian Ministry of Health. It involved community discussions on safe ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ensor T,Green C,Quigley P,Badru AR,Kaluba D,Kureya T

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four points are made about globalization and health. First, economic integration is a powerful force for raising the incomes of poor countries. In the past 20 years several large developing countries have opened up to trade and investment, and they are growing well--faster than the rich countries. Second, there is no ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dollar D

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At present there is no reliable test for use under field conditions for assessing cure in schistosomal infections. It had previously been found that in such infections the excretion of beta-glucuronidase in the urine is increased, but a test based on this fact would be impracticable in the field because of the need to...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Fripp PJ

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test whether relations between economic development, economic inequality, and child and youth homicide rates are sex- and age-specific, and whether a country's wealth modifies the impact of economic inequality on homicide rates. METHODS:Outcome variables were homicide rates around 1994 in males and female...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Butchart A,Engström K

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective population chemotherapy using a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg per kg body weight), which was offered to 29,365 schoolchildren in Abu El Matameer and 40,241 in Abo Homos districts, Beheira governorate in the Nile delta, reduced the prevalence of schistosomiasis from 75.4% to 40.9% (reduction of 45.8%) an...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： el Malatawy A,el Habashy A,Lechine N,Dixon H,Davis A,Mott KE

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study is devoted to a general discussion of the role of bacteriophagy in cholera. The author examines early and late observations, indicating that a new epoch in the history of the subject began in 1927, when large-scale investigations on cholera bacteriophagy were started in India. The main results are set out u...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： POLLITZER RR

更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of decentralized treatment and care for patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, in comparison with centralized approaches. METHODS:We searched ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane library, Embase®, Google Scholar, LILACS, PubMed®, Web of Science and the World Health Orga...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Ho J,Byrne AL,Linh NN,Jaramillo E,Fox GJ

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The total cost of the Expanded Programme on Immunization and of its various components in the Gambia over a period of one year (from July 1980 to June 1981) was investigated, and the costs per immunization dose and per fully immunized child were calculated. The total costs were to a large extent (45%) due to the cost ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Robertson RL,Davis JH,Jobe K

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the reliability of applying the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Management Package by non-physician health-care workers (NPHWs) in typical primary health-care settings. METHODS:Based on an a priori 80% agreement level between the NPHWs and the "expert" physicians (gold standard), 649 paired (matched) ap...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Abegunde DO,Shengelia B,Luyten A,Cameron A,Celletti F,Nishtar S,Pandurangi V,Mendis S

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing health transition as increased globalization and accompanying urbanization are causing a double burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Rates of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in Africa are the highest in the world. The impact of noncommun...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Maher D,Smeeth L,Sekajugo J

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited resistance to anticoagulant rodenticides was discovered in populations of Rattus norvegicus about 14 years ago. Similar resistance has now been reported from several countries in north-western Europe and from the USA. In order to detect resistance and to control it effectively, basic data on the susceptibili...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Lund M

更新日期：1972-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metrifonate, an organophosphorus compound, caused a decline in the number of microfilariae in domestic cats experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. It was found that the drug was active against both microfilariae and macrofilariae, but probably its greatest effect was on the macrofilarial stages. It is suggested ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Denham DA,Ponnudurai T,Nelson GS,Guy F,Rogers R

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nation-wide tuberculosis prevalence surveys were conducted by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1953, 1958 and 1963, using the stratified random sampling method. Follow-up surveys were made on one-third of the areas surveyed in the previous year in 1954, 1959 and 1964. In this paper the results of surveys...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Wakamatsu E,Oka H,Kumabe H,Kobayashi A

更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In South-East Asia in recent years urbanization has proceeded rapidly. Because of limited financial resources it has seldom been possible to provide sufficient sanitation; this has led to conditions favourable to the breeding of Culex pipiens fatigans. The density of C. p. fatigans is higher in urban areas than in rur...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Singh D

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper considers new developments to strengthen sexual and reproductive health and HIV linkages and discusses factors that continue to impede progress. It is based on a previous review undertaken for the United Kingdom Department for International Development in 2006 that examined the constraints and opportunities...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Dickinson C,Attawell K,Druce N

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity is being used to evaluate the immediate effects of the extensive WHO/UNICEF mass BCG vaccination programmes currently in progress. During the past five years the Tuberculosis Research Office has been studying the tuberculin sensitivity produced by BCG vaccination, and the presen...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors：

更新日期：1955-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The International Standard for Hyaluronidase is derived from a blend of four batches of bovine testicular hyaluronidase which had been purified so as to contain approximately 400 units per milligram. The material was mixed with beta-lactose, and lyophilized. Tablets were made from the dried mixture, and were examined ...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： HUMPHREY JH

更新日期：1957-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lay health workers are key to achieving universal health-care coverage, therefore measuring worker attrition and identifying its determinants should be an integral part of any lay health worker programme. Both published and unpublished research on lay health workers has largely focused on the types of interventions th...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Nkonki L,Cliff J,Sanders D

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：PROBLEM:The potential for misidentification of trial participants, leading to misclassification, is a threat to the integrity of randomized controlled trials. The correct identification of study subjects in large trials over prolonged periods is of vital importance to those conducting clinical trials. Currently used me...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： SonLa Study Group.

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The history of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) research is reviewed from the point of view of whether the main discoveries concerning LCM pathogenesis have stemmed from animal or in vitro research methods. Most of the results initially stemmed from animal experiments, but in recent years recourse has increasingly b...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Hotchin J

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma japonicum infection and associated morbidity, and to estimate the infected human and buffalo populations in the Dongting Lake region, Hunan province, China. METHODS:We used data from the third national schistosomiasis periodic epidemiological survey (P...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Balen J,Zhao ZY,Williams GM,McManus DP,Raso G,Utzinger J,Zhou J,Li YS

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequent experience in the tropics of poor results of BCG vaccination is sometimes explained by a hypothetical interaction with "non-specific" tuberculin sensitivity. However, samples of data from five tropical countries, reported in this paper, demonstrate a slight, positive correlation between the individual tub...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Guld J

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A critical review is made of the present knowledge of the etiology of neoplasms of the haematopoietic system in experimental animals and man. Genetic factors play a dominant role in the origin of leukaemias in mice. A Mendelian interpretation of the data is excluded and several genes appear to be involved in susceptib...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： LAW LW

更新日期：1962-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of a research project on atherosclerosis, an international group of pathologists studied lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries obtained at autopsy from 3174 subjects from Czechoslovakia, Sweden and the USSR in an effort to determine what factors, recognizable in life, might be used to predict the pr...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Sternby NH,Vanĕcek R,Vihert A,Kagan A,Uemura K

更新日期：1965-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbits have commonly been used for testing the blood-level duration limit of penicillin, but have proved not to be entirely suitable. Experiments reported in this paper on the use of sheep suggest that these animals can be successfully used for the testing of procaine benzylpenicillin with aluminium monostearate (PAM...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： AGARWAL SC,DUDANI AT,SHRIVASTAV JB,SETHI SK

更新日期：1961-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The migration of health workers within and between countries is a growing concern worldwide because of its impact on health systems in developing and developed countries alike. Policy decisions need to be made at the national, regional and international levels to manage more effectively this phenomenon, but those deci...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： Diallo K

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the extent to which the community-directed approach used in onchocerciasis control in Africa could effectively and efficiently provide integrated delivery of other health interventions. METHODS:A three-year experimental study was undertaken in 35 health districts from 2005 to 2007 in seven resea...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： CDI Study Group.

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research carried out on kwashiorkor in Kampala, Uganda, is discussed. The first essential in both the treatment and the prevention of this disease being a diet rich in protein (preferably animal protein, to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin B(12) and a satisfactory mixture of amino-acids), methods of incorpo...

journal_title：Bulletin of the World Health Organization

authors： DEAN RF

更新日期：1953-01-01 00:00:00