Proteoglycans in the nervous system.

abstract：:The biochemical basis of circadian timekeeping is best characterized in cyanobacteria. The structures of its key molecular players, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC are known and these proteins can reconstitute a remarkable circadian oscillation in a test tube. KaiC is rhythmically phosphorylated and its phospho-status is a marke...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Egli M,Johnson CH

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite its simple and highly-ordered circuitry the function of the cerebellum remains a topic of vigorous debate. This review explores connections between the cerebellum and sensory processing structures that closely resemble the cerebellum in terms of their evolution, development, patterns of gene expression, and ci...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Warren R,Sawtell NB

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High densities of acetylcholine receptors and sodium channels in the crests and troughs of the postsynaptic folds, respectively, ensure reliable neuromuscular signalling. Clustering of both ion channels is mediated by agrin. In the case of acetylcholine receptors, agrin activates the tyrosine kinase receptor muscle-sp...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Colledge M,Froehner SC

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Though many neuronal cell fate decisions result in reproducible outcomes, stochastic choices often lead to spatial randomization of cell subtypes. This is often the case in sensory systems where expression of a specific sensory receptor gene is selected randomly from a set of possible outcomes. Here, we describe recen...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Johnston RJ Jr,Desplan C

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons have a multiplicity of ionic conductance mechanisms, the interactions of which determine in part the response of a neuron to chemical and electrical synaptic interactions, firing patterns, excitability, membrane potential and action-potential waveform. Several papers published in the past year have provided im...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Baxter DA,Byrne JH

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motor behaviors result from information processing that occurs in multiple neural networks acting at all levels from the initial selection of the behavior to its final generation. A long-standing research interest is how single neural networks can help generate different motor behaviors, that is, the origin of motor f...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Büschges A

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selective transport of transmembrane proteins to different intracellular compartments often involves the recognition of sorting signals in the cytosolic domains of the proteins by components of membrane coats. Some of these coats have as their key components a family of heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Guardia CM,De Pace R,Mattera R,Bonifacino JS

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of a functional neuronal network requires that axons navigate precisely to their appropriate targets. Molecules that specify guidance decisions have been identified, and the signaling events that occur downstream of guidance receptors are beginning to be understood. New research shows that guidance rece...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Grunwald IC,Klein R

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diverse group of biochemically distinct proteins give rise to amyloids, each of which is associated with a different disease. These amyloid proteins share numerous properties and typically arise from the abnormal processing of an amyloid precursor protein. The classification, mechanisms and biochemistry of amyloid f...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Castaño EM,Wisniewski T,Frangione B

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All animals have a fundamental and unavoidable requirement for rest, yet we still do not fully understand the processes that initiate, maintain, and regulate sleep. The larval zebrafish is an optically translucent, genetically tractable model organism that exhibits sleep states regulated by conserved sleep circuits, t...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Barlow IL,Rihel J

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Smooth-pursuit eye movements are used to stabilize the image of a moving object of interest on the fovea, thus guaranteeing its high-acuity scrutiny. Such movements are based on a phylogenetically recent cerebro-ponto-cerebellar pathway that has evolved in parallel with foveal vision. Recent work has shown that a netw...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Thier P,Ilg UJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered, extensive class of small noncoding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs have been implicated in most aspects of animal development and in pathological processes such as cancer. In neurons, miRNAs are expressed at all stages of develop...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Schratt G

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past year, evidence has accrued that adult CNS stem cells are a widespread progenitor cell type. These cells may normally replace neurons and/or glia in the adult brain and spinal cord. Advances have been made in understanding the signals that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation. A deeper und...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Temple S,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Action potential conduction in myelinated nerve fibers depends on a polarized axonal membrane. Voltage-gated Na(+) and K(+) channels are clustered at nodes of Ranvier and mediate the transmembrane currents necessary for rapid saltatory conduction. Paranodal junctions flank nodes and function as attachment sites for my...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Schafer DP,Rasband MN

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-cell communication directs the development of photoreceptor cells in the Drosophila retina. A recent set of studies has provided a genetic dissection of one of these interactions, the induction of the R7 photoreceptor cell by the neighboring R8 photoreceptor cell. The results from these experiments shape our unde...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Krämer H,Cagan RL

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of new data, anatomical and functional models of the basal ganglia in normal and pathological conditions (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) have recently come under greater scrutiny. An update of these models is clearly timely, taking into consideration not only changes in neuronal discharge rates, b...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Wichmann T,DeLong MR

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals respond to sensory cues emitted by their conspecifics by initiating a repertoire of sex-specific social behaviors, such as mating, fighting, and parental care. These behavioral responses are thought to be largely driven by genetically pre-programmed circuits. However, they can also vary significantly according...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Li Y,Dulac C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent results have shown the possibility of both reconstructing connectomes of small but biologically interesting circuits and extracting from these connectomes insights into their function. However, these reconstructions were heroic proof-of-concept experiments, requiring person-months of effort per neuron reconstru...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Plaza SM,Scheffer LK,Chklovskii DB

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reward valuation in social contexts is by nature relative rather than absolute; it is made in reference to others. This socially relative reward valuation is based on our propensity to conduct comparisons and competitions between self and other. Exploring its neural substrate has been an active area of research in hum...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Isoda M

更新日期：2020-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies in the past decade have revealed the role and mechanisms of Wnt signaling in axon guidance during development and the reinduction of Wnt signaling in adult central nervous system axons upon traumatic injury, which has profound influences on axon regeneration. With 19 Wnts and 14 known receptors (10 Frizzl...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Onishi K,Hollis E,Zou Y

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The crustacean stomatogastric nervous system is a long-standing test bed for studies of circuit dynamics and neuromodulation. We give a brief update on the most recent work on this system, with an emphasis on the broader implications for understanding neural circuits. In particular, we focus on new findings underlinin...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Daur N,Nadim F,Bucher D

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now 15 years since the discovery that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activity is required to maintain the refined topographic organization of retinotectal projections. Recent studies have identified additional components of the signaling pathways required for activity-dependent map formation and maintenance. Nitr...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Debski EA,Cline HT

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of plasticity in the central nervous system is a major and very dynamic neuroscience research field with enormous clinical potential. Considerable advances in this field have been made during the past 10 years. It now appears that most circuits in the brain and spinal cord show plasticity and that they can b...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Schouenborg J

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biology provides examples of efficient machines which greatly outperform conventional technology. Designers in neuromorphic engineering aim to construct electronic systems with the same efficient style of computation. This task requires a melding of novel engineering principles with knowledge gleaned from neuroscience...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Liu SC,Delbruck T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral nerves show a remarkable ability to regenerate following a transection injury. Downstream of the cut, the axons degenerate and so to regenerate the nerve, the severed axons need to regrow back to their targets and regain function. This requires the axons to navigate through two different environments. (1) T...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Cattin AL,Lloyd AC

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews recent evidence suggesting that endogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor may be involved in neural responses to injury, and discusses the possibility that ciliary neurotrophic factor could have therapeutic applications in a clinical setting. The functional relevance of ciliary neurotrophic factor in...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Adler R

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterogeneity among progenitor cells in the vertebrate nervous system has been documented with increasing frequency over the past few years. It has become clear that differences in progenitor cells help to determine when and how they respond to environmental signals. More recent studies have begun to elucidate the mol...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Lillien L

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The unfolded protein response (UPR) comprises kinase signaling and transcription factor activation cascades delineated over the past 20 years. Most studies conclude that this stress response is adaptive but, nevertheless, includes maladaptive programs involving CHOP expression that drives cell-autonomous apoptosis. He...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gow A,Wrabetz L

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Müller Glia (MG), the radial glia cells of the retina, have spectacular morphologies subserving their enormous functional complexity. As early as 1892, the great neuroanatomist Santiago Ramon y Cajal studied the morphological development of MG, defining several steps in their morphogenesis [1,2]. However, the molecula...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： MacDonald RB,Charlton-Perkins M,Harris WA

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Birds commonly use sound for communication between the sexes. In many songbird species, only males sing and there are pronounced sex differences in the neural song control circuits. By contrast, the auditory circuitry is largely similar in males and females. Both sexes learn to recognize vocalizations heard as juvenil...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Brenowitz EA,Remage-Healey L

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00