Abstract:
:Myasthenia gravis (MG) in individuals over 40 years of age comprises three groups: early-onset MG with prolonged disease duration, late-onset MG with thymoma, and late-onset of nonthymomatous MG. The clinical features do not differ between the three groups, except that early-onset patients with prolonged disease duration usually have a less severe disease. More than 60% of our MG patients are now more than 50 years of age, often with disease onset after age 40. Although 2 out of the 3 patients in Erb's original description had onset of myasthenic symptoms after age 40, this was apparently infrequent in 1879, when the disease was first identified. Onset of MG after age 40 is now common. For example, in our material, 88/184 (47.8%) had onset of MG after age 40. Eighteen (20.5%) had a thymoma. The female:male ratio in the early-onset group was 2.4:1, whereas it was 1:1.1 among those with onset after age 40. There was no human leukocyte antigen association for MG with thymoma. Antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor were detected in 88% of sera from nonthymomatous MG and in 100% of those with late-onset MG with thymoma. Antibodies to titin were found in sera from 85.7% of MG patients with thymoma (all age groups) and in 58% of nonthymomatous MG with late onset and acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Late-onset, nonthymomatous MG comprises two subgroups, one corresponding to delayed early onset and one immunologically similar to that seen in patients with MG and thymoma.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Aarli JA,Romi F,Skeie GO,Gilhus NEdoi
10.1196/annals.1254.055subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
424-31eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
998pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The effect of 310 courses of corticotropin, methylprednisolone, prednisone, and dexamethasone were studied in 62 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis who were poorly responsive to anticholinesterase medication and most of whom required assisted respiration. Improvement in strength and response to anticholinest...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47717.x
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The characteristics of the sensations produced by activating one electrode at a time are summarized as follows: (a) Loudness was found to increase with current level and pitch with repetition rate. (b) Pitch and sharpness increased in the apical-to-basal direction, and vowel labels could be assigned to sensations prod...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb31639.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is thought that neuronal activity in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents the value of anticipated reward; however activity in many other brain areas also seems to reflect expected reward value. For example, we have shown that in monkeys performing a memory-guided saccade task for a reward of variable size, activi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1401.004
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The scientific investigation of brains of different vertebrates, both extant and extinct, is of interest for several reasons: for translating medical research on rodent models into practice, for understanding the animals investigated in order to improve conservation and management strategies, and for understanding the...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05948.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gypsy/Ty3 retrotransposons, a group of long terminal repeat retrotransposons related to vertebrate retroviruses, are found in the genome of many fungi, plants, and animals. Although multiple families of such retroelements are present in fish, active Gypsy/Ty3 retrotransposons have all been eliminated from the lineage ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05005.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary adrenal pheochromocytoma is caused by germline mutations in RET, VHL, SDHB, SDHD, and NF1. As these genes differ in function, so may their pheochromocytoma phenotypes, suggesting gene-specific patterns of age-related progression to pheochromocytoma. This possibility was explored for gene carriers with a lif...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1353.045
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic value of thymectomy for myasthenia is still questioned although it retains an important place among management modalities that strive for sustained remission. Questions derive from uncertainty as to appropriate timing, variable extent of resection and quantitation of response. Forty-seven patients, fol...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33776.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine has been found to improve memory performance in a variety of tests in rats, monkeys, and humans. Interactions of nicotinic systems with dopamine (DA) systems may be important for this effect. We conducted a series of studies of nicotinic agonist and antagonist interactions with DA systems using rats in a win-...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17481.x
更新日期:1995-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of a discovery of anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo1) autoantibodies patients was established in the early diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) as the common form of this pathology is characterized by interstitial lung disease (ILD), inflammatory muscle disease, and production of anti-J...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1398.047
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tick burdens cause direct damage to hosts and transmit several disease agents, the majority of which are secreted into feeding lesions through tick salivary glands. Reduced incidence of naturally transmitted tick-borne diseases was recently observed among cattle immunized with tick salivary gland extracts (TSGE). The ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1428.083
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, exerts a variety of physiological functions through three types of G protein-coupled receptors, PAC1, VPAC1, and VAPC2. Characterization of the molecular forms of PAC1 in mouse heart revealed the presence of four types of variant r...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1317.086
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The NFkappaB factor Bcl-3 influences the survival of T cells when they are activated to take part in immune responses. Because treatment of mice with adjuvant results in the increased expression of Bcl-3 in T cells, where it has survival-promoting effects, Bcl-3 may be an important, limiting factor that is supplied to...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05947.x
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our previous studies have demonstrated that the methanol extract of heat-processed Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer exerts antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and anti-tumor-promoting effects. In the present study, we examined the antiinflammatory effects of several ginsenosides (Rb(1), Rc, Re, Rg(1), Rg(3)) derived from P. gins...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04672.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the frequency of antibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), ICA512/IA2 (IA2), and islet cell antigens (ICA) vary with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) composition of the patient. IAA, IA2 autoantibodies, and ICA are increased in DQ8 positives; GAD65 antib...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1375.036
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emission factors for indoor straw combustion are a major data gap for estimating the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions in China. The emission factors for open-fire straw burning were borrowed from our previous study and a rough estimate was developed. As one of the most important emission sources in ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1454.006
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapid advances in the biomedical sciences are producing new means of intervention against many of the major tropical diseases. The discovery of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tests, however, is only the first, though important, step down an often long and difficult road to their effective deployment in disease con...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb27372.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Galanin is widely distributed in enteric nerves and nerve terminals throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Within the GI tract galanin is best known for its ability to alter smooth muscle contractility and regulate intestinal motility. However, recent studies also indicate that galanin can modulate epithelial ion...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10684.x
更新日期:1998-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::With the progressive aging of the world's population, immunosenescence is rapidly becoming a clinical concern as it accounts for a higher incidence of severe infections and poor response to vaccines. To identify nutritional approaches that may counteract immunosenescence is of obvious importance in clinical practice. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05264.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocannabinoid system, through the cannabinoid receptor CB1, is involved in the modulation of adaptive responses to environmental conditions. However, little is known about the role of the cannabinergic system, particularly CB1 receptor expression, in relation to the effects induced by xenoestrogens concerning th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04455.x
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basal phagocytosis of neutrophils, a crucial component of non-specific immunity, is an eminently circadian parameter. In mice and rats, rates of phagocytosis peak in the second half of the dark span. A lipopolysaccharide-induced phagocytic response challenged in this period appears the most significant in amplitude an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1356.032
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent findings indicate that complement activation--involving specifically C3 and C5--contributes to antiphospholipid (aPL)-mediated thrombosis. Two complement effector pathways are initiated by the cleavage of C5, C5a and C5b, which leads to the formation of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex. To delineate and distin...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1422.058
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As recently as ten years ago, the nature of the T-cell receptor for antigen was a mystery, as was the precise role of histocompatibility molecules in antigen-presentation to T cells. Although T-cell receptors have now been cloned and crystal structures of MHC/peptide molecules exist, our understanding of the parameter...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26649.x
更新日期:1995-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic exposure to arsenic causes health problems, including peripheral neuropathy. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms underlying arsenic-induced neurotoxicity. For this report, we studied the protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on arsenic-induced oxidative injury in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1403.020
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controls and calibrators in autoimmune assays are typically developed from patient sera. However, the use of sera is accompanied by a number of disadvantages, such as lack of monospecificity, lack of assay comparability, and supply limitations. Ideally, the control reagent would be an antigen-specific human monoclonal...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04749.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) produces nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) loss, partly resembling that which occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD). In PD there is also a marked alteration in the gut. Given the similarities between the central DA denervation produced by METH and PD, in the present study we evaluated the alterations in ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1432.015
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies have indicated that normal human placental cytosol contains a complex mixture of nucleoside kinase enzymes, some of which conform to previously characterized activities. Deoxyadenosine is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase, adenosine kinase, and two as yet uncharacterized activities. Deoxyguanosine pho...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27095.x
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief overview of the different techniques used to estimate the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) is presented. As a particular case, the 1-day PMP over Catalonia has been calculated and mapped with a high spatial resolution. For this purpose, the annual maximum daily rainfall series from 145 pluviometric station...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1446.003
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our earlier studies of translation have led us to a specific numeric coding of nucleotides (A = 0, C = 1, G = 2, and U = 3)--that is, a quaternary numeric system; to ordering of digrams and codons (read right to left: .yx and Z.yx) as ordinal numbers from 000 to 111; and to seek hypothetic transformation of mRNA to 20...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1342.081
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A triple genetic association between serum IgE levels, mast cell numbers, and susceptibility to oral tolerance was observed in mice genetically selected to extreme phenotypes of oral tolerance (susceptibility and resistance), suggesting a coadaptation of genes controlling these traits. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1309.046
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of prognostic factors in predicting outcome in pediatric oncology is largely recognized, and most current protocols tailor treatment based on risk stratification. Further refinements of classical staging systems are ongoing, and the future of pediatric oncology is in the development of strategies based ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1414.006
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00