Abstract:
:Rehabilitation aims to lessen the physical and cognitive impairments and disabilities of patients with stroke, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord or brain injury, and other neurologic diseases. Conventional approaches beyond compensatory adjustments to disability may be augmented by applying some of the myriad experimental results about mechanisms of intrinsic biological changes after injury and the effects of extrinsic manipulations on spared neuronal assemblies. The organization and inherent adaptability of the anatomical nodes within distributed pathways of the central nervous system offer a flexible substrate for treatment strategies that drive activity-dependent plasticity. Opportunities for a new generation of approaches are manifested by rodent and non-human primate studies that reveal morphologic and physiologic adaptations induced by injury, by learning-associated practice, by the effects of pharmacologic neuromodulators, by the behavioral and molecular bases for enhancing activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, and by cell replacement, gene therapy, and regenerative biologic strategies. Techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation will help determine the most optimal physiologic effects of interventions in patients as the cortical representations for skilled movements and cognitive processes are modified by the combination of conventional and biologic therapies. As clinicians digest the finer details of the neurobiology of rehabilitation, they will translate laboratory data into controlled clinical trials. By determining how much they can influence neural reorganization, clinicians will extend the opportunities for neurorestoration.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Dobkin BHdoi
10.1196/annals.1315.024subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-12-01 00:00:00pages
148-70eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632pii
1038/1/148journal_volume
1038pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The discrepancy between dynamical mass measures of objects such as galaxies and the observed distribution of luminous matter in the universe is typically explained by invoking an unseen "dark matter" component. Dark matter must necessarily be nonbaryonic. We introduce a simple hypothesis to do away with the necessity ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::We and others have previously shown that heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are involved in protecting the brain from a variety of insults including stroke, epilepsy, and other related insults. While the mechanism of this protection has largely been thought to be due to their chaperone functions (i.e., preventing abnormal pro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05843.x
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF), the highest occurring cardiac arrhythmia in the Western world, is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. In spite of extensive research, the cause of atrial electrical remodeling, a major factor in the self-perpetuating nature of AF, is still unknown. Downregulation of...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05087.x
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of a discovery of anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo1) autoantibodies patients was established in the early diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) as the common form of this pathology is characterized by interstitial lung disease (ILD), inflammatory muscle disease, and production of anti-J...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The availability of immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human immune systems and islets permits in vivo study of human diabetes without putting patients at risk. ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Carbon nanotubes are considered to be one of the novel most attractive materials in nanotechnology. Because of their multiple industrial and biomedical applications, thorough studies on their toxicity and biocompatibility become a priority in order to prevent possible health risks. In this study the effects of multiwa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04892.x
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abstract::Megadose haploidentical transplants, mismatched at three HLA loci, engraft rapidly and durably without induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In vitro studies suggest that veto cells, contained in the population of hematopoietic progenitors, facilitate this favorable outcome. Cytotoxic T cells, not reactive ag...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In normal conditions, cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to provide energy for cellular activities. Cancer cells are characterized by increased glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial respiratory function. In the past decade, somatic...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The receptor that mediates the specific uptake and intracellular transport of dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA dimer) in mucosal and glandular epithelia is identical with a transmembrane precursor of secreted secretory component. During transport, the IgA dimer receptor (membrane SC) is cleaved into two domains, a membra...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb26914.x
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abstract::Olivary fibers express CGRP-LI until the nest phase of their development and never in the next postnatal steps, that is, the "capuchon" stage. Together with other results presented in this volume regarding the postnatal development of CGRP binding sites in the cerebellar cortex, these immunohistologic findings suggest...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb22800.x
更新日期:1992-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin E is essential for normal neurological function. It is the major lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant in the body, protecting the integrity of membranes by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Mostly on the basis of symptoms of primary vitamin E deficiency, it has been demonstrated that vitamin E has a central ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been long proposed to reside in defined anatomical locations within bone marrow (BM) tissues in direct contact or close proximity to nurturing cell types. Imaging techniques that allow the simultaneous mapping of HSCs and interacting cell types have been central to the discovery of...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb32007.x
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In preindustrial settings, biological, economic, and social mechanisms caused fertility to respond to feedback signals from population size variation in such a way as to steer populations toward equilibrium levels. It is unlikely that the relevant signal was population density; more plausibly the signal was economic w...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30425.x
更新日期:1994-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of carbohydrate and fat utilization by skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise has been the subject of investigation since the early 1960s when Randle et al. proposed the so-called glucose-fatty acid cycle to explain the reciprocal relationship between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. The suggested mech...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::The benefits of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women include increased quality of life, relief from specific symptoms, and the prevention of osteoporosis, genitourinary atrophy, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite these advantages, this therapy has been reported to be associated with an increased freq...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37874.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The preventive effects of the phytoalexin trans-resveratrol toward cancer have been largely described at the cellular and molecular levels in both in vivo and in vitro models; however, its primary targets are still poorly identified. In this review, we show the crucial role of cell membrane microdomains, that is, lipi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by neurobiological changes that lead to a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control over drug intake. The hypothesis outlined here is that knowledge of the neurochemical systems involved in the transition from drug use to the compulsive use of add...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article aims to estimate the prevalence of SOX13 antibodies in Swedish patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls. The patients (n = 102; median age 35 years [range, 9-89]) were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in a defined area in southern Sweden during 1995-1998. Islet cell antibodies (ICA) were ana...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging is amenable to intervention and prevention by mild stress-induced hormesis. Previously, we have reported that repeated mild heat stress has antiaging and other beneficial effects on growth and a range of cellular and biochemical characteristics of normal human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes undergoing aging ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic purulent rhinosinusitis (CPR) is an inflammatory condition of unknown origin. Although various medical and surgical treatment modalities are available, 5-10% of patients remain refractory. Immune deficiency is one of the underlying risk factors for this disease. Earlier studies demonstrated disturbances in cel...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite intense efforts, little is known about the etiology of prostate cancer, and treatment of advanced forms of the disease has had limited success. Nonetheless, epidemiologic studies combined with animal model and in vitro experiments indicate that natural components of the diet, including n-3 PUFA, the carotenoid...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04106.x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The finding of an association between the epsilon 4 allele of the APOE locus and the early expression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is robust. However, the estimates of the proportion of AD cases carrying one or more copies of the epsilon 4 allele vary dramatically between studies (highest estimates being 180...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb32594.x
更新日期:1996-12-16 00:00:00