Abstract:
:In preindustrial settings, biological, economic, and social mechanisms caused fertility to respond to feedback signals from population size variation in such a way as to steer populations toward equilibrium levels. It is unlikely that the relevant signal was population density; more plausibly the signal was economic well being, which in turn responded to population density, among other influences. Numerous empirical studies provide persuasive evidence for such a fertility response. However, the response was relatively weak, so that populations responded only slowly to shocks. The half life of a shock-induced deviation from equilibrium was probably on the order of 70 years. Dynamic behavior of population size was discernibly affected only in the long run. Because of the presence of environmental external costs to childbearing, and because fertility response mechanisms were not necessarily intentional, the equilibrium population size and corresponding welfare need not have possessed any desirable properties. In developed countries, these equilibrating mechanisms are no longer in effect.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Lee Rdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30425.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-02-18 00:00:00pages
396-407eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
709pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Phospholemman (PLM) is the first sequenced member of the FXYD family of regulators of ion transport. The mature protein has 72 amino acids and consists of an extracellular N terminus containing the signature FXYD motif, a single transmembrane (TM) domain, and a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain containing four potential s...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1387.004
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite new technological advances in the rehabilitation of audition in profoundly deaf children, auditory training remains a fundamental part of their education. Consequently, it is necessary to learn what kind of stimuli, what kind of auditory tasks, and what kind of learning procedures generate faster and more long...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04793.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The harmful effects of oxidative processes in living organisms, in addition to chemical and biochemical media, can be reduced by antioxidants. The efficacy of an antioxidant depends on its reduction potential and kinetics of elimination of diverse free radicals. Redox potentials and reaction rate constants of selected...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06197.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic aspects of 15 patients with Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the General Hospital of Sitia (southeastern Crete, Greece) between December 2000 and July 2003, were studied. Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs a...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1374.049
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microgravity experiments on the constrained vapor bubble heat exchanger (CVB) are being developed for the space station. Herein, ground-based experimental studies on condensate removal in the condenser region of the vertical CVB were conducted and the mechanism of condensate removal in microgravity was found to be the...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb05913.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, I have introduced and solved a simple deterministic model of eye tracking that produces rich dynamical behavior. Some of its main features, notably the existence of a chaotic regime, are reminiscent of the anomalies reported in smooth pursuit eye tracking experiments with schizophrenia patients. By obta...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb48737.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age-associated alterations in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS) may lead to free radical generation and contribute to aging. The complexes of the ETS were screened spectrophotometrically in gastrocnemius of young (10 month) as well as older (20 and 26 month) B6C3F1 female mice fed an ad libitum (AL) di...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09902.x
更新日期:1998-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies demonstrate major effects of adrenal medullary and catecholaminergic pathways on a wide variety of normal physiologic and regulatory events. Alterations in these pathways, involving changes in catecholamines or in proteins and peptides costored and coreleased with catecholamines, may lead to profound ch...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04514.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinically potent skeletal muscle relaxants are used primarily for their effects on the central nervous system. But they also have direct effects on muscle contraction that possibly involve Ca2+ channels. We compared the effects of dantrolene, an agent known to have a direct action on vertebrate skeletal muscle, with ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb33363.x
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the result of a nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with primary amino groups of proteins (Maillard reaction). They accumulate in various tissues in the course of aging. Because AGEs induce protein cross-links and oxidative stress (radicals) within cells and tissues, the...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1297.038
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of autoimmune diseases is higher in females than in males. In both sexes, adrenal hormones, that is, glucocorticoids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androgens, are inadequately low in patients when compared to healthy controls. Hormonally active androgens are anti-inflammatory, whereas estrogens are ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1351.021
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrolide and polyether biosynthesis in actinomycetes is regulated at the level of precursor supply by effects of nutrients on the sources of the low-molecular-weight fatty acids used to build the carbon framework of these antibiotics. Ammonium ion appears to suppress the first enzymes of valine and threonine cataboli...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb47382.x
更新日期:1994-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro lethal activity of two Bacillus thuringiensis strains (IB-16 and IB-61) against Haemonchus contortus histotropic fourth stage larvae (L(4)) was evaluated. Each B. thuringiensis strain was used as soluble proteins at different concentrations. In addition, the in vitro lethal dose (LD(50)) of each strain wa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1428.077
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia is associated with an increased release of factors from the placental syncytium into maternal blood, including the antiangiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and soluble endoglin, the antifibrinolytic factor plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, prostanoids, lipoperoxides, cytokines, and micro...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1434.015
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results reviewed here demonstrate that vestibulospinal and vestibulo-ocular interneurons in the chicken embryo are organized into coherent clusters, each of which occupies a unique spatial domain and has a characteristic axon trajectory. Moreover, the vestibulo-ocular clusters have specific termination patterns in...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15689.x
更新日期:1996-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of cancer. In normal conditions, cells rely on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to provide energy for cellular activities. Cancer cells are characterized by increased glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial respiratory function. In the past decade, somatic...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05621.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Athletic women are at risk for developing ovulatory dysfunction, which presents variably as menstrual irregularity or absence. Initially characterized as an isolated disruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, athletic amenorrhea, a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, is invariably acc...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05663.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a group of serum proteins that undergo dramatic changes in concentration during times of inflammation. Many APPs are heavily glycosylated, and their sugar content and complexity change in the presence of cancer-induced chronic inflammation. These changes in glycosylation are currently b...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06420.x
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::As studied by single cell RT-PCR of pituitary hormones, we demonstrated that the pituitaries of rats and mice contain a subpopulation of cells that express two or more hormone phenotypes typically belonging to lineages that are branched separately early during embryonic development, such as glycoprotein hormone alpha-...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1327.010
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have examined the expression of several genes whose transcripts have increased levels in Alzheimer's disease and have found heterogeneity in these levels in different patients with this condition. The level of expression of these genes was compared to different clinical and pathological aspects of the disease. A ca...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18297.x
更新日期:1993-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Cities modify their local climate, and at the same time they suffer from the local impacts of climate change. Our paper discusses the progress and obstacles in three active research topics that contribute to increasing the capability within the urban climate research community for transferring local climate knowledge ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/nyas.13986
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::By using the selective ACE inhibitor captopril, we studied the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on larval growth, metamorphosis, and reproduction in a lepidopteran species, the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. Captopril was detrimental to adult formation and oviposition, and in female moths it ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1327.102
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A rabbit antimouse brain theta reagent was made specific for cells of the T lineage by absorption in vivo in nude mice. When used in double fluorescence together with an antimouse immunoglobulin reagent, four types of cells were found in spleen and lymph nodes of both normal and nude mice: Ig+thetaBr-, Ig-thetaBr+, Ig...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb29173.x
更新日期:1975-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common of a number of diseases in which inflammation and tissue destruction is driven by an autoimmune process. Current therapy is inadequate, and this has prompted major research efforts, both in academia and industry, to understand more about the pathogenesis, and hence provide the r...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb26675.x
更新日期:1995-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Two chemical classes of flavonoids, the flavan-3-ols (catechins and proanthocyanidins) and the anthocyanins, are the natural antioxidants present at the highest concentration in red grape and wine. In the berry, the anthocyanins are localized in the skins, similarly to other highly bioactive phenolics of grape such as...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02904.x
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the functional response to human relaxin 2 (H2 relaxin), human relaxin 3 (H3 relaxin), porcine relaxin, and human INSL3 in the cytosensor microphysiometer, using CHO-K1 cells stably expressing human GPCR135. CHO-K1 cells stably expressing GPCR135 were generated by the serial dilution method and rec...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1196/annals.1282.053
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the effects of psychological stress on performance quality, autonomic responses, and upper extremity muscle activity in skilled pianists through comparisons between stressful (competition) and nonstressful (rehearsal) conditions. We observed increased levels of subjective anxiety, autonomic ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04786.x
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were either stimulated with a continuous visual recognition task (n = 18) or with a continuous auditory recognition task during PET measurement with 18 FDG. The PET scanner was a Siemens CTI, ECAT EXACT with 5 mm transaxial and 6 mm axial resolution. The global stimulation ef...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb34424.x
更新日期:1996-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Monitoring of wildlife diseases started in Scandinavia as sporadic postmortem examinations in the early 20th century. In 1945 a monitoring program for wildlife health was initiated. The program is today an integrated part of the National Environmental Monitoring programs in Sweden. The total material today comprises m...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04347.x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::When conceptualized within a developmental systems theoretical framework, resilience involves mutually beneficial, reciprocally influential relations between a person and his or her context. The key features of developmental systems theory, which stress the plasticity of these relations, lead to an optimistic view of ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1196/annals.1376.005
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00