Abstract：
:Technologies that generate information about the genome are being used to explore changes in gene expression and related proteins following exposure to chemicals. Conceptually, this information allows a greater understanding of genomic level mRNA expression (transcriptomics), cell and tissue protein expression (proteomics) and information about metabolite profiles (metabonomics). Having a greater understanding of this information alongside, empirical toxicological reference data provide for the continued evolution in our ability to understand toxicological modes of action, thereby providing a more scientific basis for extrapolation of toxicological information from animals to humans. Toxicogenomics also provides specific opportunities for improvements at different stages of the risk assessment process such as the development of new predictive models for identifying human health hazards and the identification of more precise molecular biomarkers of exposure. One possibility is that molecular fingerprinting in vivo or in vitro can be used to categorize chemicals and mixtures of chemicals into different mode of action groups. As there is indication that molecular signals differ at dose levels, it is hoped that toxicogenomic information can also contribute to the understanding and interpretation of effects seen with low dose exposure. Several gene polymorphisms have already been identified which play a role in the differing intra-species response to chemicals thus providing explanation for the observed differences in effects. It is therefore likely that a better understanding of genomic expression will enable a greater insight into the factors behind the observed variability in susceptibility to chemical exposure that can be seen in human populations.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Oberemm A,Onyon L,Gundert-Remy Udoi
10.1016/j.taap.2005.01.044subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
592-8issue
2 Suppleissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(05)00311-Xjournal_volume
207pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The effects of low doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the reproductive system of male offspring rats were examined. The dams were treated subcutaneously 2 weeks prior to mating and throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation. They received an initial loading dose of 25, 60, or 300 ng TCDD/kg body w...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1998.8433
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown earlier to inhibit Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the potential of MP to inhibit the activation of other macrophages, RAW cells (macrophages of alveolar origin) were treated with varying concentrations of MP (0.25, 0.5, 1mM). Assessment of cytotoxicity us...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.016
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. FXR deficiency in mice results in cholestasis, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis in liver and intestine. FXR is known to contribute to pathogenesis by regulating gene transcription; however,...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.012
更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Three phenolic glycosides isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium showed significant free radical and superoxide ion scavenging activity and antioxidant potential that were comparable to, or several folds higher than those of standard antioxidants, trolox and ascorbic acid. The effective concentrations of...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.011
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins which contaminate cereals and their by-products worldwide. Previous studies have stated toxic effects of DON on liver. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a potential role in protecting liver and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Therefore, a study on the poten...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.020
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approaches for extrapolating in vitro toxicity testing results for prediction of human in vivo outcomes are needed. The purpose of this case study was to employ in vitro toxicokinetics and PBPK modeling to perform in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of lindane neurotoxicity. Lindane cell and media concentrations...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.11.006
更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron tetrakis (N-methyl-4'-pyridyl) porphyrinato (FeTMPyP) has been demonstrated to be a potent scavenger of reactive oxygens and to have antiinflammatory activities. However, the effects of FeTMPyP on the function of T cells have not been illustrated. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment of ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0041-008x(02)00044-3
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phytochemicals show promise as potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents against various cancers. Here we report the chemotherapeutic effects of berberine, a phytochemical, on human prostate cancer cells. The treatment of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with berberine induced dose-dependent apoptosis but...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.027
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene is a potent bone marrow toxicant. While all blood cell types are targets for benzene poisoning, lymphocytes are particularly sensitive. The immunotoxic consequences of benzene or its metabolites have been demonstrated in a number of in vitro studies; however, little data exist regarding the effects of benzene ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90395-3
更新日期：1985-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Millions are exposed to ozone levels above recommended limits, impairing lung function, causing epithelial damage and inflammation, and predisposing some individuals to pneumonia, asthma, and other lung conditions. Surfactant protein-A (SP-A) plays a role in host defense, the regulation of inflammation, and repair of ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.017
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nutrient availability is one of the major non-genetic factors determining embryonic growth and larval or fetal size. Due to the high human consumption of blood lipid regulators, fibrates have recently been reported as pollutants in rivers. Our study investigated the developmental toxicity of fibrates in zebrafish. Tre...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.016
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of cadmium injection on the high-affinity phlorizin binding to renal outer cortical brush-border membranes was studied in rabbits. Animals received subcutaneous injections of CdCl2 at a dose of 3 mg Cd/kg.day for about 3 weeks. Brush-border membranes were isolated from renal outer cortex by Percoll gradient...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1148
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the continuous administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a highly specific irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, prevented the development of pulmonary hypertension and right ven...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90124-3
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 52 monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed orally with vehicle or 1.5 mg/kg/day of lead on one of four dosing regimens (13 monkeys/group): Group 1, vehicle only; Group 2, dosed with lead from birth onward; Group 3, dosed with lead from birth to 400 days of age and vehicle thereafter; Group 4, dosed with ve...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90251-o
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:In the heart, cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and cardiac myofibroblasts (CMF) are the main cells responsible for wound healing after cardiac insult. Exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) is a downstream effector of cAMP, and it has been not completely studied on CF. Moreover, in CMF, which are the main cells r...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.022
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental risk assessment requires models for estimating the bioaccumulation of untested compounds. So far, bioaccumulation models have focused on lipophilic compounds, and only a few have included hydrophilic compounds. Our aim was to extend an existing bioaccumulation model to estimate the oral uptake efficiency...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.015
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by combined pathology of steatosis, lobular inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular degeneration, with systemic symptoms of diabetes or hyperlipidemia, all in the absence of alcohol abuse. Given the therapeutic importance and conflicting findings regarding the po...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.027
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative assay based on real-time detection polymerase chain reaction (rtdPCR) was applied to analyze basal and metal-induced mRNA levels of two metallothionein (MT) isoforms (Cd-MT and Cu-MT) in organs of the terrestrial gastropod Helix pomatia. The results show that specific Cd-MT mRNA levels increase with Cd ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00148-0
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential induction of hepatic cytochromes P450 by 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PENCB) has been observed in the rat and the guinea pig: (1) in rat and guinea pig, treatment with the chosen dose levels resulted in significant induction of total, carbon monoxide-discernible cytochrome P450 content; the absorption...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(91)90271-f
更新日期：1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect of gentamicin (GENTA). Preconditioning (PC) refers to a situation in which an organ subjected to an injury responds less intensely when exposed to another injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PC with GENTA on nephrotoxic acute kidney injury (AKI). GENTA gro...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.02.022
更新日期：2011-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Side effects of methotrexate (MTX) especially hepatotoxicity limits clinical applications of this anticancer agent. Carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) is administrated for the treatment of elevated plasma concentrations of MTX. In this study, we have investigated the intracellular delivery of CPG2 fused to the transactivator ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.023
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been studied extensively for its hepatotoxic effects. There is a paucity of information, however, about its tissue deposition following administration by different routes and patterns of exposure. The specific objective of this study was to delineate the uptake, distribution, and elimin...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.8079
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of mucosal metallothionein (MT) preinduced by zinc (Zn) on tissue distribution of cadmium (Cd) after administration of Cd with several chelating agents was studied in rats. After Cd-cysteine (Cd-Cys) was incubated with intestinal Zn-MT in vitro, all the Cd dissociated from Cys and exchanged the Zn bound to ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90129-g
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was previously shown that treatment of rats with methyl-n-butyl ketone (MBK) produced an increase in the total level of liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 and an increase in the rate of metabolism of chloroform (CHCl3) to phosgene (COCl2). In the present study it was found that MBK also produced qualitative changes...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90029-7
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing recognition of the need to identify when exposures to specific combinations of chemicals result in toxicological effects of concern. In order to meet this need new tools are required to evaluate the doses of multiple chemicals that occur from the concurrent exposures to multiple sources of the chemi...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2006.11.032
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic systems toxicology is the integrative analysis of toxicogenomic technologies, e.g., transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in combination with traditional toxicology measures to improve the understanding of mechanisms of hepatotoxic action. Hepatic toxicology studies that have employed toxicogenomic te...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.013
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that the addition of methyl groups at the 3 and 4 positions of the 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) molecule results both in more rapid pyrrole formation and in enhanced neurotoxicity. In order to define more clearly the relationship between rates of pyrrole formation an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90296-1
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bleeding episodes commonly occur in patients on warfarin treatment even in those within therapeutic range of international normalized ratio (INR). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the 8 examined polymorphisms on the risk of bleeding complications in a sample of Iranian patients. ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2016.08.026
更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:3-Methylindole (3-MI) is a pneumotoxic metabolite of L-tryptophan that can form in the digestive tracts of humans and ruminants as a result of microbial protein metabolism. Alternatively, human lungs can be directly exposed to 3-MI formed during protein pyrolysis and inhalation of tobacco smoke. 3-MI has been shown to...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(91)90001-u
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditional predictive tests for dermal sensitization in humans use the albino guinea pig as a model. A number of factors make the prospect of an alternative attractive. Guinea pig designs are labor intensive, require significant animal, caging, and husbandry resources, and are expensive. Extensive development and val...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90419-9
更新日期：1986-06-15 00:00:00
