Modeling mixtures resulting from concurrent exposures to multiple sources.

abstract：:Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the male reproductive system were investigated. Sexually mature (290 g) Sprague-Dawley rats were given single oral doses of TCDD sufficient to cause varying degrees of hypophagia and impaired body weight gain. The largest doses decreased plasma testosterone and ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moore RW,Potter CL,Theobald HM,Robinson JA,Peterson RE

更新日期：1985-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Occupational exposure to low molecular weight chemicals, like trimellitic anhydride (TMA), can result in occupational asthma. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are among the first cells to encounter inhaled compounds. These cells can produce many different mediators that have a putative role in asthma. In this study, we exam...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Valstar DL,Schijf MA,Nijkamp FP,Storm G,Arts JH,Kuper CF,Bloksma N,Henricks PA

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a frequent event in endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). MiR-181 family members exert diverse effects in multiple biological processes. However, the relationships between miR-181b-5p (miR-181b) and EndMT in PAH are not we...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhao H,Wang Y,Zhang X,Guo Y,Wang X

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiotoxin-III (CTX-III), a major cardiotoxin isolated from the venom of the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra), is a highly basic, hydrophobic, toxic protein, which can induce lysis of mononuclear cells by an unknown mechanism. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CTX-III on untreated and PHA-activated...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Su SH,Su SJ,Lin SR,Chang KL

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Thymic lymphoma/leukemia is the major cause of death in B6C3F1 mice chronically exposed to 1,3-butadiene (BD). Similar to radiation-induced murine thymic lymphoma, the bone marrow is also a major target organ. Because of the association of murine thymic lymphoma with endogenous type-C murine leukemia retroviruses (MuL...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Irons RD,Smith CN,Stillman WS,Shah RS,Steinhagen WH,Leiderman LJ

更新日期：1986-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxido-inflammatory aberrations play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of depression. Oxido-inflammatory stress increases catabolism of tryptophan into kynurenine which leads to imbalance in kynurenine and serotonin levels in the brain. Naringenin a flavonoid, has been reported to possess antidepressant propert...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bansal Y,Singh R,Saroj P,Sodhi RK,Kuhad A

更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning disabilities (LDs) in children are a serious global problem. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a plasticizer widely used in daily life, has been linked to triggering childhood LDs, however the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. Studies have shown that the ERK 1/2 pathway is closely related to apoptosis of hipp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yan B,Sun Y,Zeng J,Chen Y,Li C,Song P,Zhang L,Yang X,Wu Y,Ma P

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies have shown an association between elevated levels of particulate matter air pollution and increased morbidity and hospital visits in asthmatics. Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a primary combustion particle containing sulfate and metals such as vanadium, nickel, and iron. In this study the effec...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lambert AL,Dong W,Winsett DW,Selgrade MK,Gilmour MI

更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on the observation that congenic haired and hairless mice differ in the hyperkeratinizing/hyperproliferative epidermal response following topical exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo, it has been proposed that this response in mice segregates with the Ah locus (which controls for the Ah...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Puhvel SM,Sakamoto M

更新日期：1987-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Male reproductive health has received considerable attention in recent years. In addition to declining sperm quality, fertility problems and increased incidence of testicular cancer, there is accumulating evidence that genetic damage, in the form of unrepaired DNA lesions or de novo mutations, may be transmitted via s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Olsen AK,Lindeman B,Wiger R,Duale N,Brunborg G

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea is a common dose-limiting toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy, in particular for drugs such as irinotecan (CPT-11), 5-fluouracil, oxaliplatin, capecitabine and raltitrexed. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum, SJW) has anti-inflammatory activity, and our preliminary study in the rat and a pilot stu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hu ZP,Yang XX,Chan SY,Xu AL,Duan W,Zhu YZ,Sheu FS,Boelsterli UA,Chan E,Zhang Q,Wang JC,Ee PL,Koh HL,Huang M,Zhou SF

更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Various drugs have been shown to stimulate surfactant phospholipid metabolism. Particularly beta-adrenergic agonists play an important role under physiologic conditions. For the first time we have studied whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhalation alters beta-adrenergic regulation of surfactant phospholipid metabolism ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mengel RG,Bernhard W,Barth P,von Wichert P,Müller B

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethyl carbamate (EC) is bioactivated by CYP2E1 through vinyl carbamate to its epoxide, a reactive electrophile. This carcinogen reacts with macromolecules, including hemoglobin (Hb). This report defines a method to examine levels of N-(2-oxoethyl) adduct on the N-terminal valine of Hb after EC treatment at carcinogeni...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cai J,Myers SR,Hurst HE

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current investigation was designed to determine if the pesticide methoxychlor (M) mimicked the effects of estrogen in the brain and on behavior. Running wheel activity (RWA) and sex behaviors were evaluated in this study because the role of estrogen in the regulation of these behaviors has been thoroughly establis...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gray LE Jr,Ostby JS,Ferrell JM,Sigmon ER,Goldman JM

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some chemicals are known to induce limb malformations in mice. The occurrence of limb abnormality induced by chemical reagents is due to changes in the programmed cell death (PCD). 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is known as a potent teratogen and has been reported to induce polydactyly and other limb malformations in rode...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nakamura N,Fujioka M,Mori C

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phenylurea compound EDU (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolindinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea) has been shown to protect plants from the damaging effects of ozone exposure. Models of rat lung injury, based on acute exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 3 hr and on exposure to 0.85 ppm ozone for 2 days, were used to determine whether EDU pret...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bassett DJ,Elbon CL,Reichenbaugh SS,Boswell GA,Stevens TM,McGowan MC,Kerr JS

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic hypertension induces vascular remodeling. The most important factor for hypertension treatment is reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. OW1 is a novel imperatorin derivative that exhibits vasodilative activity and antihypertensive effects in two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats. It ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhou N,Zhang Y,Wang T,He J,He H,He L

更新日期：2015-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) administration (600 mg/kg, po) results in proximal tubular necrosis in 18-hr fasted, 3-month-old male CD-1 mice. This study was undertaken to determine if deacetylation of APAP to p-aminophenol (PAP) is a prerequisite to nephrotoxicity in the mouse, as it is in the Fischer rat. Administration of e...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Emeigh Hart SG,Beierschmitt WP,Bartolone JB,Wyand DS,Khairallah EA,Cohen SD

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD) on the renal toxicity produced by subacute exposure to cadmium in rats was studied. Rats were injected sc with CdCl2 (1.5 mg Cd/kg) daily for 26 days and thereafter they received 13 injections of BGD (400 mumol/kg) every other day. Urinary protein concentration ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kojima S,Ono H,Kiyozumi M,Honda T,Takadate A

更新日期：1989-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms of particulate matter (PM)-induced cardiotoxicity are not fully understood. Direct translocation of PM-associated metals, including zinc, may mediate this effect. We hypothesized that following a single intratracheal instillation (IT), zinc directly translocates outside of the lungs, reaching the heart. To ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wallenborn JG,Kovalcik KD,McGee JK,Landis MS,Kodavanti UP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (50 mg/kg, i.p.) selectively deplete mouse bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells through a process that is dependent on CYP1B1. 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), which forms greater amounts of dihydrodiol-epoxide-DNA adducts in BM, is much more effective in depleting BM cell...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Galván N,Teske DE,Zhou G,Moorthy B,MacWilliams PS,Czuprynski CJ,Jefcoate CR

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that stimulates transcription directed by xenobiotic response elements upstream of target genes. Recently, AhR ligands were reported to induce formation of an AhR-estrogen receptor (ER) complex, which can bind to estrogen response elements (ERE...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shipley JM,Waxman DJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitotic catastrophe, a form of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis, is a cytotoxic death pathway as well as an appealing mechanistic strategy for the development of anti-cancer drugs. In this study, 6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was demonstrated to induce DNA double-strand break, multipolar spindles...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang B,Huang B,Guan H,Zhang SM,Xu QZ,He XP,Liu XD,Wang Y,Shang ZF,Zhou PK

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a central mediator of immunotoxicity that is associated with exposure to the trichothecene vomitoxin (VT). The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites contribute to VT-induced IL-6 upregulation. VT at 100 to 250 ng...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Moon Y,Pestka JJ

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental system was chosen to investigate the bioactivity of a lipoprotein-sequestered toxicant at the cellular level based on recent studies demonstrating receptor-mediated uptake of lipoproteins by macrophages. Rat peritoneal exudate cell suspensions (PEC) were exposed to DDT and lipoprotein-sequestered DDT, ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kaminski NE,Wells DS,Dauterman WC,Roberts JF,Guthrie FE

更新日期：1986-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A great number of people are suffering from allergic inflammatory disease such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and sinusitis. Therefore discovery of drugs for the treatment of these diseases is an important subject in human health. Putranjivain A (PJA), member of ellagitannin, is known to possess beneficial effects incl...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kim HH,Park SB,Lee S,Kwon TK,Shin TY,Park PH,Lee SH,Kim SH

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Application of global gene expression analysis in the study of mechanisms of toxicity could provide a more comprehensive interpretation of the molecular basis of drug action. WAY-144122 has pharmacological activity against several targets improving insulin responsiveness and favorably altering lipid profiles. Normal r...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Peterson RL,Casciotti L,Block L,Goad ME,Tong Z,Meehan JT,Jordan RA,Vinlove MP,Markiewicz VR,Weed CA,Dorner AJ

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant phenytoin may be due in part to its bioactivation by prostaglandin synthetase, forming a reactive free radical intermediate. We examined whether teratogenicity of the structurally similar oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants, trimethadione and its N-demethylated metabolite dimethadione...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wells PG,Nagai MK,Greco GS

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin by systemic injection and then exposed for up to 8 weeks to ovalbumin aerosols in whole body chambers. A pattern of airway inflammation, mucous cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and airway remodeling with submucosal fibrosis was observed as lesions evolved over time. Larger con...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kenyon NJ,Ward RW,Last JA

更新日期：2003-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Information presented at this symposium indicates that modulation of Th cell responses is one means by which xenobiotics may cause immunotoxicity. A shift from Th1 to Th2 responses can enhance both infectious and allergic disease. Hence, in some cases, a common mechanism may be responsible for effects that are general...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Selgrade MK,Lawrence DA,Ullrich SE,Gilmour MI,Schuyler MR,Kimber I

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00