Berberine-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species generation.

abstract：:4-Alkylbicyclophosphates, R1C(CH2O)3P(O), with suitable R1 substituents (e.g., t-butyl, isopropyl, or cyclohexyl) are highly toxic compounds [mouse intraperitoneal (ip) LD50 values 0.036-0.52 mg/kg] and are potent noncompetitive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonists. 4-Alkylmonocyclophosphates of the type R1(HOCH...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Toia RF,Casida JE

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by urethane (ethyl carbamate) was characterized. Male CF-1 mice were treated with urethane (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 g/kg; ip) and 18 hr later hepatic MT concentrations were determined with the Cd-hemoglobin radioassay. Urethane (1 g/kg and higher) significantly increased hepat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brzeznicka EA,Lehman LD,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1987-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon disulfide is present in exposed subjects in free and bound or acid-labile forms. Sensitivities of the blood acid-labile CS2 (AL CS2) concentration and the modified iodine-azide test (IAT) were compared as indicators of CS2 exposure. Rats were exposed to 15 (approximately 5 ppm), 30, 60, or 120 mg/m3 of CS2. Exp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lam CW,DiStefano V

更新日期：1983-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Antrodia camphorata (A. camphorata) is a fungus commonly used for treatment of viral hepatitis and cancer in Chinese folk medicine. Extract of A. camphorate is reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antihepatitis B virus and anticancer activities. In this study, we tested the in vivo effects of polysaccharides derived...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cheng PC,Hsu CY,Chen CC,Lee KM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metformin is a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is often prescribed in combination with other drugs to control a patient's blood glucose level and achieve their HbA1c goal. New treatment options for T2D will likely include fixed dose combinations with metformin, which may require preclini...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Quaile MP,Melich DH,Jordan HL,Nold JB,Chism JP,Polli JW,Smith GA,Rhodes MC

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional predictive tests for dermal sensitization in humans use the albino guinea pig as a model. A number of factors make the prospect of an alternative attractive. Guinea pig designs are labor intensive, require significant animal, caging, and husbandry resources, and are expensive. Extensive development and val...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gad SC,Dunn BJ,Dobbs DW,Reilly C,Walsh RD

更新日期：1986-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of JBP485 (an anti-inflammatory dipeptide and a substrate of OAT) on regulation of the expression and function of renal Oat1 and Oat3, which can accelerate the excretion of accumulated uremic toxins (e.g. indoxyl sulfate) in the kidney to improve gentamicin-induced ARF in rats. JBP485 cause...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Guo X,Meng Q,Liu Q,Wang C,Sun H,Peng J,Ma X,Kaku T,Liu K

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some chemicals are known to induce limb malformations in mice. The occurrence of limb abnormality induced by chemical reagents is due to changes in the programmed cell death (PCD). 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is known as a potent teratogen and has been reported to induce polydactyly and other limb malformations in rode...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nakamura N,Fujioka M,Mori C

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been used to study the response of the rat liver in situ to bromobenzene, a classic hepatotoxicant. A localized region of high proton signal intensity was seen in the perihilar region of the liver 24 hr after injection of a subl...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Locke SJ,Brauer M

更新日期：1991-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylglyoxal is found in high levels in the blood and other tissues of diabetic patients and exerts deleterious effects on cells and tissues. Previously, we reported that resveratrol, a polyphenol in grapes, induced the expression of Sestrin2 (SESN2), a novel antioxidant protein, and inhibited hepatic lipogenesis. Th...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Seo K,Seo S,Han JY,Ki SH,Shin SM

更新日期：2014-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:While the physiologic and molecular effects of capsaicinoids have been extensively studied in various model systems by a variety of administration routes, little is known about the uptake and elimination kinetic profiles in human skin following topical exposure. The present study evaluated the uptake and elimination k...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Pershing LK,Reilly CA,Corlett JL,Crouch DJ

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apocynin (acetovanillone) is often used as a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In N11 glial cells, apocynin induced, in a dose-dependent way, a significant increase of both malonyldialdehyde level (index of lipid peroxidation) and lactate dehydrogenase release (index of a cytotoxic effect). Apocynin evoked also, in...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Riganti C,Costamagna C,Bosia A,Ghigo D

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phenobarbital (PB) is an effective growth stimulator of hepatic hyperplastic nodules developed with diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy (the Solt-Farber model), but it does not apparently stimulate the growth of preneoplastic lesions produced with aflatoxin B1 (AFB). Some studies have...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chen ZY,Eaton DL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Engineered nanomaterials are being developed for a variety of technological applications. However, the increasing use of nanomaterials in society has led to concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. During the first decade of nanotoxicological research, the realization has eme...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Costa PM,Fadeel B

更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing transfer of inhaled tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into breast milk with the consequent exposure of the nursing pups was developed and validated in lactating rats. The PBPK model was based on partition coefficients (PCs), which were determined by the equilibra...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Byczkowski JZ,Kinkead ER,Leahy HF,Randall GM,Fisher JW

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant and is well known for inducing thymic atrophy in mice, although the exact mechanism of its action remains unclear. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrated that TCDD induces apoptosis in thymocytes and that Fas- mice (lpr/lpr) ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kamath AB,Nagarkatti PS,Nagarkatti M

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gossypol, a polyphenolic compound isolated from cottonseeds, has been reported to possess many pharmacological activities, but whether it can influence inflammasome activation remains unclear. In this study, we found that in mouse macrophages, gossypol induced cell death characterized by rapid membrane rupture and rob...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lin QR,Li CG,Zha QB,Xu LH,Pan H,Zhao GX,Ouyang DY,He XH

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc pretreatment has been shown in vitro (rat myoblasts) to induce metallothionein (MT) and inhibit cadmium (Cd)-induced protooncogenes c-myc and c-jun mRNA levels. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the mRNA expression of the protooncogene c-jun as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 is ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zheng H,Liu J,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A subchronic oral toxicity study of disobutamide, a piperidine ring compound with antiarrhythmic activity, was conducted at doses of 30, 100, and 250 mg/kg in rats, 45 mg/kg in dogs, and 90 mg/kg in monkeys. Numerous vacuoles were observed in various organs such as the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen, thymus, sto...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Koizumi H,Watanabe M,Numata H,Sakai T,Morishita H

更新日期：1986-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigations have characterized addictive drug-induced developmental cardiovascular malformation in human, non-human primate and rodent. However, the underlying mechanism of malformation caused by drugs during pregnancy is still largely unknown, and preventive and therapeutic measures have been lacking. Using 1H NMR...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shao X,Hu Z,Hu C,Bu Q,Yan G,Deng P,Lv L,Wu D,Deng Y,Zhao J,Zhu R,Li Y,Li H,Xu Y,Yang H,Zhao Y,Cen X

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that the well-characterized arginine analogue nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, l-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME) is protective against the cytotoxicity of the vesicating agent bis (2-chloroethyl) sulphide (HD). Furthermore, these protective effects were not medi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sawyer TW,Hancock JR,D'Agostino PA

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative assay based on real-time detection polymerase chain reaction (rtdPCR) was applied to analyze basal and metal-induced mRNA levels of two metallothionein (MT) isoforms (Cd-MT and Cu-MT) in organs of the terrestrial gastropod Helix pomatia. The results show that specific Cd-MT mRNA levels increase with Cd ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Chabicovsky M,Niederstätter H,Thaler R,Hödl E,Parson W,Rossmanith W,Dallinger R

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reversal of saxitoxin (STX; 10 micrograms/kg, ip) induced cardiorespiratory effects by oxygen ventilation and burro-raised alpha-STX antitoxin (60 mg/kg, i.v.) was studied in urethane-anesthetized guinea pigs acutely instrumented for concurrent monitoring of medullary respiratory-related single units, diaphragm EMG, L...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Benton BJ,Rivera VR,Hewetson JF,Chang FC

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carcinogenic chromium (VI) compounds are persistent environmental contaminants with potential for human exposure through drinking water. One lesion associated with chromium (VI) exposure is the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC). In an attempt to develop markers of chromium exposure, the formation of DPC in lym...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Coogan TP,Motz J,Snyder CA,Squibb KS,Costa M

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 24-hr oral pretreatment of rats with 1.6 g/kg acetaminophen potentiated hepatotoxicity of allyl alcohol, bromobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, and thioacetamide, as assessed by elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and histopathological examination. Doses, of these hepatotoxicants,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wright PB,Moore L

更新日期：1991-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of erythropoiesis on cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT)2 levels in spleen, a major erythropoietic tissue, was examined following sc injection of 109CdCl2 into mice. As the concentration of Cd in plasma decreased following injection of 109CdCl2 into control mice, the levels in spleen and liver increased rapidl...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Min KS,Ohyanagi N,Ohta M,Onosaka S,Tanaka K

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastric cancer ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The uncontrolled tumor growth and robust metastasis are key factors to cause the cancer patient death. Mechanistically, aberrant activation of Notch and NF-κB signaling pathways plays pivotal roles in the initiation and metastasis of ga...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Xiang S,Zhao Z,Zhang T,Zhang B,Meng M,Cao Z,Zhou Q

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Atmospheric ultrafine particles (UFPs) and pesticide rotenone were considered as potential environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether and how UFPs alone and in combination with rotenone affect the pathogenesis of PD remains largely unknown. METHODS:Ultrafine carbon black (ufCB...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang Y,Liu D,Zhang H,Wang Y,Wei L,Liu Y,Liao J,Gao HM,Zhou H

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung toxicity induced by sulfur mustard is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. To elucidate mechanisms mediating pulmonary damage, we used 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a model sulfur mustard vesicant. Male mice (B6129) were treated intratracheally with CEES (3 or 6 mg/kg) or control. Animals were...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sunil VR,Patel-Vayas K,Shen J,Gow AJ,Laskin JD,Laskin DL

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum IgM and decreased IgG concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance. Weaned ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vos JG,de Klerk A,Krajnc EI,Kruizinga W,van Ommen B,Rozing J

更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00