Abstract：
:Apocynin (acetovanillone) is often used as a specific inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In N11 glial cells, apocynin induced, in a dose-dependent way, a significant increase of both malonyldialdehyde level (index of lipid peroxidation) and lactate dehydrogenase release (index of a cytotoxic effect). Apocynin evoked also, in a significant way, an increase of H(2)O(2) concentration and a decrease of the intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio, accompanied by augmented efflux of glutathione and glutathione disulfide. Apocynin induced the activation of both pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle, which was blocked when the cells were incubated with glutathione together with apocynin. The cell incubation with glutathione prevented also the apocynin-induced increase of malonyldialdehyde generation and lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Apocynin exerted an oxidant effect also in a cell-free system: indeed, in aqueous solution, it evoked a faster oxidation of the thiols glutathione and dithiothreitol, and elicited the generation of reactive oxygen species, mainly superoxide anions. Our results suggest that apocynin per se can induce an oxidative stress and exert a cytotoxic effect in N11 cells and other cell types, and that some effects of apocynin in in vitro and in vivo experimental models should be interpreted with caution.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Riganti C,Costamagna C,Bosia A,Ghigo Ddoi
10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-05-01 00:00:00pages
179-87issue
3eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(05)00426-6journal_volume
212pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:As a part of the serotoninergic dysfunction implicated in neurobiology of depression, evidence has focused on serotonin (5-HT) receptors downstream signaling intermediates including glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our team...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.12.018
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rate-limiting step in chemically induced, male rat-specific hyaline droplet nephropathy is the reversible binding of a xenobiotic to alpha 2u-globulin. In this study, equilibrium saturation binding experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vitro binding of d-limonene-1,2-oxide (dLO) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penta...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90296-5
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a subpopulation of the CF-1 mouse strain that is very sensitive to the neurotoxicity induced by the avermectins, a class of natural products widely used in veterinary and human medicine as anti-parasitic agents. This sensitivity results from a lack of P-glycoprotein in the intestine and brain of sensitive ani...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1997.8225
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress response proteins can play integral roles as modulators of cellular function and can be involved in mechanisms that are important to immune function. Metallothionein (MT), a cysteine-rich stress response protein, has been shown to play numerous roles in the cell: it serves as a reservoir of essential heavy meta...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2000.8961
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metoclopramide (MCA) and procainamide (PCA), two widely used benzamide drugs developed before the present regulatory climate but recently found to induce DNA breaks in human lymphocytes, were evaluated for their genotoxic effects in cultured rodent and human cells. In subtoxic concentrations neither MCA (from 0.10 to ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1060
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Estrogens play an important role in prostatic development, health, and disease. While estrogen signaling is essential for normal postnatal prostate development, little is known about its prenatal role in control animals. We tested the hypothesis that estrogen signaling is needed for normal male prostatic bud patternin...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.001
更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicological and biochemical effects of muconaldehyde, a six-carbon diene dialdehyde, were evaluated in 6- to 9-week-old CD-1 male mice. The LD50 of trans,trans-muconaldehyde was 6.7 and 7.1 mg/kg body wt when calculated by two different methods. Administration of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (2 mg/kg, ip) daily for 10 ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90396-5
更新日期：1985-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Interferon α (IFNα) is used to treat malignancies and chronic viral infections. It has been found to decrease the rate of drug metabolism by acting on cytochrome P450 enzymes, but no studies have investigated the consequences of IFNα treatment on the CYP3A4 isoform, responsible for the metabolism of a majority of drug...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.019
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of hepatic toxicant widely present in plants. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A plays a key role in metabolic activation of PAs to generate electrophilic metabolites, which is the main cause of hepatotoxicity. We have previously demonstrated the sex difference in developmental toxicity...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115137
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (TMP), a component of unleaded gasoline, causes nephrotoxicity in male, but not in female, rats. In the present study, male and female Fischer 344 rats were treated with a single oral dose of [14C]TMP (4.4 mmol/kg; 2 microCi/mmol). Radiolabeled material in kidney, liver, and plasma was determine...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90098-6
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was investigated whether protective influence of zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd)-induced disorders in bone metabolism may be related to its antioxidative properties and impact on the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system. Numerous indices of oxidative/an...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.016
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the development of a therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive type of brain tumor in adults, is in progress, the prognosis is still limited. In this study, we evaluated the anti-glioma effects of darapladib, a selective reversible inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phosphol...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115133
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the effect that TCDD has on humoral immunity has been well documented for the mouse, it has not been for the rat. In this study, the effect that TCDD has on the antibody plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in adult female B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats was compared. The effect that TCDD...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1994.1029
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiologically based dosimetry description for acrylonitrile (ACN) and its mutagenic epoxide metabolite 2-cyanoethylene oxide (CEO) in F-344 rats (M. L. Gargas, M. E. Anderson, S.K.O. Teo, R. Batra, T. R. Fennell, and G. L. Kedderis, 1995, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 134, 185-194) has been refined to include a phys...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.0239
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Garlic and its active components are known to possess antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. The present study investigated the effects of garlic oil and its organosulfur compounds on endotoxin-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Wistar rats received by gavage 50 or 200 mg/kg body weight garlic oil (GO), 0.5 mmol/kg...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2005.08.008
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in various tissue through oxidative stress induced by menadione has been well documented. Increase of Ca2+ level in platelets results in aggregation of platelets. To test the hypothesis that menadione-induced Ca2+ elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied t...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.0092
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead (Pb) exposure at high concentrations is associated with poor sperm quality, acrosome alterations, and low fertilization rate. Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR) are required for successful fertilization. Actin polymerization is crucial for correct capacitation, and small GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.114694
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antineoplastic drugs cause severe cytotoxicity for normal cells, especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, bleomycin (BLM) is glycopeptide antibiotic that is effective on various cancers and has either low or no myelosuppression effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of BLM on 5...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.114996
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative mucosal irritation test using the slug Arion lusitanicus as test organism. The effect of 28 reference substances on the mucosal tissue of the slugs was determined by the amount of mucus produced, the reduction in body weight, and the release of proteins from t...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2002.9444
更新日期：2002-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhalation of sulfur mustard (SM), a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes severe lung damage, is a significant threat to both military and civilian populations. The mechanisms mediating its cytotoxic effects are unknown and were investigated in the present studies. Male rats Crl:CD(SD) were anesthetized, and then...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.018
更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight proteins that are induced by a variety of inducers, including metals, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cytokines, oxidative stress, etc., and are thought to play a protective role against various toxic insults. The constitutive level of metallothionein is an importa...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1056
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinase activities were previously proposed to be central to germ cell apoptosis induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and its active metabolite methoxyacetic acid (MAA). We evaluated the role of tyrosine kinase pp60(c-src) in control and EGME-treated adult rat testis in vivo, as well as in vitro using cul...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8870
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT) activity, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) concentration, and UDP-glucose (UDPG) concentration in the rat intestine and liver following oral administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), phenoba...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(92)90330-u
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined interactions in rats between NO2 gas and respirable aerosols of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl). Rats were exposed for 1, 3, or 7 days to 5 ppm of NO2 gas, alone or in combination with 1 mg/m3 of H2SO4 or NaCl aerosols. The apparent rate of collagen synthesis by lung minces was measured aft...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90303-6
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylene chloride (dichloromethane, DCM) is metabolized by two pathways: one dependent on oxidation by mixed function oxidases (MFO) and the other dependent on glutathione S-transferases (GST). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model based on knowledge of these pathways was used to describe the metaboli...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(87)90281-x
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental toxicant and an established carcinogen. Epidemiological studies implicate Cd with human breast cancer. Low micromolar concentrations of Cd promote proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. The growth promotion of breast cancer cells is associated with the activation of...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.010
更新日期：2015-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:During international peace-keeping missions, a diverse number of non-battle hazards may be encountered, which range from heavily polluted areas, endemic disease, toxic industrial materials, local violence, traffic, and even psychological factors. Hence, elevated risk levels from a variety of sources are encountered du...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2008.01.016
更新日期：2008-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver fibrosis results from chronic tissue damage and excessive regeneration with accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins; it is a precursor of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis treatments are primarily directed at inflammation, with few options to combat fibrogenesis. Pirfenidone is a...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.024
更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a fusion toxin consisting of the catalytic and translocation domains of diphtheria toxin linked to human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (DTGM) for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our goal in this study was to determine the toxicity and pharmacokineti...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1999.8691
更新日期：1999-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Glyphosate (GLY) usage for weed control is extensive. To investigate ovarian impacts of chronic GLY exposure, female C57BL6 mice were orally administered saline as vehicle control (CT) or GLY at 0.25 (G0.25), 0.5 (G0.5), 1.0 (G1.0), 1.5 (G1.5), or 2 (G2.0) mg/kg for five days per wk. for 20 wks. Feed intake increased ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115116
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
