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Midkine and pleiotrophin expression in normal and malignant breast tissue.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Some growth factors may promote tumor growth by affecting tumor angiogenesis. The angiogenic growth factor, pleiotrophin, was demonstrated previously in human breast carcinoma tissues; however, the pattern of pleiotrophin expression in normal breast tissues has not been established. METHODS:The expression of pleiotrophin and the related growth factor, midkine, was examined by polymerase chain reaction amplification of reverse transcriptase copies of RNA transcripts (RT-PCR) from freshly resected normal and malignant human breast tissues. Northern blot analysis of midkine expression was performed on a limited number of the specimens and on human and canine breast carcinoma cell lines. Clinicopathologic variables from the breast cancer patients were examined in relation to the growth factor expression patterns. RESULTS:The majority of both malignant and normal breast tissues expressed pleiotrophin. In contrast, midkine was expressed frequently in the malignant breast tissues but in only one of the normal specimens. Northern blot analysis of the breast carcinoma cells lines showed that they commonly expressed midkine transcripts. The only correlation of the growth factor expression patterns with the other clinical variables was the finding that the three midkine-negative breast carcinoma specimens also had low estrogen receptor levels. CONCLUSIONS:By this analysis, the expression of pleiotrophin was equivalent in both malignant and normal human breast tissues. Midkine, on the other hand, exhibited increased expression in the breast carcinomas but showed much lower expression in the normal breast tissue. Although the cellular source of the midkine expression was not determined by the RT-PCR assay, the Northern blot analysis showed that isolated populations of breast cancer cells commonly express this growth factor. This is the first example of a tissue simultaneously expressing high amounts of both pleiotrophin and midkine, a finding of unclear pathophysiologic significance.

journal_name

Cancer

journal_title

Cancer

authors

Garver RI Jr,Radford DM,Donis-Keller H,Wick MR,Milner PG

doi

10.1002/1097-0142(19940901)74:5<1584::aid-cncr2820

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-09-01 00:00:00

pages

1584-90

issue

eissn

0008-543X

issn

1097-0142

journal_volume

pub_type

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Midkine and pleiotrophin expression in normal and malignant breast tissue.