The pre-B cell receptor in B cell development: recent advances, persistent questions and conserved mechanisms.

abstract：:Understanding how cell growth is regulated in response to environmental signals remains a challenging biological problem. Recent studies indicate the TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase acts within an intracellular regulatory network used by eukaryotic cells to regulate their growth according to nutrient availability. Th...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Powers T,Dilova I,Chen CY,Wedaman K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to regulate and even target mutagenesis is an extremely valuable cellular asset. Enzyme-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination is a molecular strategy employed by vertebrates to promote antibody diversity and defend against foreign nucleic acids. Ten years ago, a family of cellular enzymes was first described ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Refsland EW,Harris RS

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measles virus (MV) has two envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein, which are responsible for attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, also called CD150), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on immune cells, acts as the principal cellular rece...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Yanagi Y,Takeda M,Ohno S,Hashiguchi T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARalpha fuses to the PML gene in the majority of APL cases, and in a few...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Scaglioni PP,Pandolfi PP

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulins and Fc receptors are critical glycoprotein components of the immune system. Fc receptors bind the Fc (effector) region of antibody molecules and communicate information within the innate and adaptive immune systems. Glycosylation of antibodies, particularly in the Fc region of IgG, has been extensively...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Hayes JM,Cosgrave EF,Struwe WB,Wormald M,Davey GP,Jefferis R,Rudd PM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic differences that potentially account for the attenuation of the Oka vaccine VZV preparation are more clearly defined than for perhaps any other vaccine in current use. This is due in large part to the small number of differences between the vaccine and the parental strain from which it was derived, and to ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Schmid DS

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein synthesis requires nutrients both as precursors (amino acids) and as a source of energy, since this process consumes a high proportion of cellular metabolic energy. Recent work has shown that both types of nutrients directly influence the activities of components of the translational machinery in mammalian cel...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Proud CG

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolution of Ig V gene segments are generally characterized by (a) evolution by "the birth and death process" and (b) diversifying selection. However, the detailed evolutionary pattern of V gene segments varies among species due to the fact that the humoral immune system itself has changed during vertebrate evolution....

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Ota T,Sitnikova T,Nei M

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial biofilms are governed by an intricate interplay between physical-chemical factors and the physiological and genetic properties of the inhabiting microbes. Many of the physiological traits that are exhibited in a biofilm environment have been observed and studied previously in detail in planktonic cultures. H...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Spormann AM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of bacterial resistance against current antibiotic drugs necessitates a continuous renewal of the arsenal of efficacious drugs. This imperative has not been met by the output of antibiotic research and development of the past decades for various reasons, including the declining efforts of large pharma ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Klahn P,Brönstrup M

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucans are characteristic and major constituents of fungal cell walls. Depending on the species, different glucan polysaccharides can be found. These differ in the linkage of the D-glucose monomers which can be either in α- or β-conformation and form 1,3, 1,4 or 1,6 O-glycosidic bonds. The linkages and polymer length...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Wagener J,Striegler K,Wagener N

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype,...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Henningham A,Gillen CM,Walker MJ

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) plays multiple important roles in EBV latent infection and has also been shown to impact EBV lytic infection. EBNA1 is required for the stable persistence of the EBV genomes in latent infection and activates the expression of other EBV latency genes through interactions with spec...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Frappier L

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in the biological characterization of tumors has led to the design and development of anticancer agents targeting specific molecular alterations. The majority of these agents are designed to silence phosphorylation signals that are required for the development and maintenance of the cancer phenotype in specif...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kumar R,Amado RG

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Poxviruses have been long regarded as potent inhibitors of apoptotic cell death. More recently, they have been shown to inhibit necroptotic cell death through two distinct strategies. These strategies involve either blocking virus sensing by the host pattern recognition receptor, ZBP1 (also called DAI) or by influenci...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Koehler HS,Jacobs BL

更新日期：2021-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The global need for a pandemic influenza vaccine is large. High-income countries have stated their intent to provide universal access for pandemic influenza vaccine to their populations. Assuming that a two-dose schedule would be needed, providing universal coverage globally would represent approximately 6.5 billion t...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Edwards KM,Sabow A,Pasternak A,Boslego JW

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection (varicella) induces VZV-specific antibody and VZV-specific T cell-mediated immunity. T cell-mediated immunity, which is detected within 1-2 weeks after appearance of rash, and consists of both CD4 and CD8 effector and memory T cells, is essential for recovery from varicel...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Weinberg A,Levin MJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza vaccines are the mainstay of efforts to reduce the substantial health burden from seasonal influenza. Inactivated influenza vaccines have been available since the 1940s and are administered via intramuscular injection. Inactivated vaccines can be given to anyone six months of age or older. Live attenuated, c...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Fiore AE,Bridges CB,Cox NJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian orthoreoviruses (reoviruses) are prototype members of the Reoviridae family of nonenveloped viruses. Reoviruses contain ten double-stranded RNA gene segments enclosed in two concentric protein shells, outer capsid and core. These viruses serve as a versatile experimental system for studies of virus cell entr...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Danthi P,Guglielmi KM,Kirchner E,Mainou B,Stehle T,Dermody TS

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thus, in our studies, we demonstrated that CpG ODN are effective in preventing the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Antigen-associated elevation of serum IgE levels is also suppressed. CpG ODN, administered in conjunction with antigen, is also ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kline JN

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA replication is an important step in the life cycle of every cell that ensures the continuous flow of genetic information from one generation to the next. In all organisms, chromosome replication must be coordinated with overall cell growth. Helicobacter pylori growth strongly depends on its interaction with the ho...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Zawilak-Pawlik A,Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phospholipases are diverse enzymes produced in eukaryotic hosts and their bacterial pathogens. Several pathogen phospholipases have been identified as major virulence factors acting mainly in two different modes: on the one hand, they have the capability to destroy host membranes and on the other hand they are able to...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kuhle K,Flieger A

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hemopoietic cells express relatively high levels of the type I phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase isoforms, with p110δ and γ exhibiting specialized signaling functions in neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and lymphocytes. In platelets, p110β appears to be the dominant PI 3-kinase isoform regulating platelet activation, ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Jackson SP,Schoenwaelder SM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last two decades, researchers have developed robust systems for recombinant subunit vaccine production in plants. Stably and transiently transformed plants have particular advantages that enable immunization of humans and animals via mucosal delivery. The initial goal to immunize orally by ingestion of plan...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Mason HS,Herbst-Kralovetz MM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After infection of a cell, the positive-strand RNA genome of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) directly serves as the template for translation in the cytosol. By the use of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the viral RNA, the HCV RNA bypasses the need for nuclear processing...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Niepmann M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the bona fide Fc receptor for IgM antibody (FcµR) was identified eight years ago, much progress has been made in defining its biochemical nature, cellular distribution, and effector function. However, there are clearly conflicting results, especially about the cellular distribution and function of murine FcµR. I...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Kubagawa H,Skopnik CM,Zimmermann J,Durek P,Chang HD,Yoo E,Bertoli LF,Honjo K,Radbruch A

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella is a gram-negative bacterium and the causative pathogen of legionellosis-a severe pneumonia in humans. A large number of Legionella effectors interfere with numerous host cell functions, including intracellular vacuole trafficking and maturation, phospholipid metabolism, protein ubiquitination, pro-/anti-ap...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Belyi Y,Jank T,Aktories K

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In view of the recent studies on the CDCs, a reasonable schematic of the stages leading to membrane insertion of the CDCs can be assembled. As shown in Fig. 3, we propose that the CDC first binds to the membrane as a monomer. These monomers then diffuse laterally on the membrane surface to encounter other monomers or ...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Tweten RK,Parker MW,Johnson AE

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on the physiological function of BTK has expanded impressively. In this review, we focus on the role of BTK during B cell differentiation in...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Corneth OBJ,Klein Wolterink RGJ,Hendriks RW

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes can result in either anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects or prostimulatory consequences through presentation of cell-associated antigens to T cells. The differences in outcome are due to the conditions under which apoptosis is induced, the type of phagocytic cell,...

journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology

authors： Skoberne M,Beignon AS,Larsson M,Bhardwaj N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00