Abstract:
:Primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection (varicella) induces VZV-specific antibody and VZV-specific T cell-mediated immunity. T cell-mediated immunity, which is detected within 1-2 weeks after appearance of rash, and consists of both CD4 and CD8 effector and memory T cells, is essential for recovery from varicella. Administration of a varicella vaccine also generates VZV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. The memory cell responses that develop during varicella or after vaccination contribute to protection following re-exposure to VZV. These responses are subsequently boosted either by endogenous re-exposure (silent reactivation of latent virus) or exogenous re-exposure (environmental). VZV-specific T cell-mediated immunity is also necessary to maintain latent VZV in a subclinical state in sensory ganglia. When these responses decline, as occurs with aging or iatrogenic immune suppression, reactivation of VZV leads to herpes zoster. Similarly, the magnitude of these responses early after the onset of herpes zoster correlates with the extent of zoster-associated pain. These essential immune responses are boosted by the VZV vaccine developed to prevent herpes zoster.
journal_name
Curr Top Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyauthors
Weinberg A,Levin MJdoi
10.1007/82_2010_31subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-01 00:00:00pages
341-57eissn
0070-217Xissn
2196-9965journal_volume
342pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma is a contagious tumour of the mucosal nasal glands affecting young adult sheep or goats. The disease occurs naturally in all continents except Australia and New Zealand. Clinical signs include continuous nasal discharge, respiratory distress, exophthalmos and skull deformations. The tumou...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55638-8_8
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thus, in our studies, we demonstrated that CpG ODN are effective in preventing the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Antigen-associated elevation of serum IgE levels is also suppressed. CpG ODN, administered in conjunction with antigen, is also ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_15
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenoviruses contain genes that have evolved to control the host immune and inflammatory responses; however, it is not clear whether these genes function primarily to facilitate survival of the virus during acute infection or during its persistent phase. These issues have assumed greater importance as the use of adeno...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05599-1_4
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of autophagy research has advanced rapidly in recent years, with important discoveries made in relation to both molecular mechanisms and physiological functions. Initially, autophagy was thought to be primarily a response to starvation. Although this might be true in lower eukaryotes, this catabolic process ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_3
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In conventionally reared mice germinal centers (GCs) are chronically induced in Peyer's patches (PP), mesenteric lymph node (MLN), and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), as a result of continuous B cell stimulation by commensal bacteria. It is generally thought that BCR-mediat...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/3-540-30657-9_7
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered more than six decades ago, but has remained poorly investigated. However, after a recent outbreak of CHIK fever in both hemispheres and viral adaptation to new species of mosquitoes, it has attracted a lot of attention. The currently available experimental data suggest that mol...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/82_2018_146
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial biofilms are governed by an intricate interplay between physical-chemical factors and the physiological and genetic properties of the inhabiting microbes. Many of the physiological traits that are exhibited in a biofilm environment have been observed and studied previously in detail in planktonic cultures. H...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75418-3_2
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dicer, an RNase III type endonuclease, is the key enzyme involved in RNA interference (RNAi) and microRNA (miRNA) pathways. It is required for biogenesis of miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and also plays an important role in an effector step of RNA silencing, the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) assemb...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-75157-1_4
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world's population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent grow...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_11
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family contains 23 members in mammals including its prototype members FGF-1 and FGF-2. FGFs have been implicated in regulation of many key cellular responses involved in developmental and physiological processes. These includes proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, an...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69494-6_3
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remarkable progress has been made in reducing measles incidence and mortality as a consequence of implementing the measles mortality reduction strategy of the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The revised global measles mortality reduction goal set forth in the WHO-UNICEF Glo...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-70617-5_9
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with reciprocal and balanced chromosomal translocations always involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARa) gene on chromosome 17 and variable partner genes (X genes) on distinct chromosomes. RARalpha fuses to the PML gene in the majority of APL cases, and in a few...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-34594-7_6
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) includes 107 genes in humans that are diverse in their structures and expression profiles. The majority are present in immune cells and play various roles in either inhibiting or promoting the duration and amplitude of signaling cascades. Several PTPs, including TC-PT...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2017_68
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure remains the leading source of morbidity and mortality in Western society and medical management of this condition offers only palliative treatment. While allogeneic heart transplantation can both extend and improve the quality of life for patients with end-st...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18846-6_4
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main functions of retroviral glycoproteins are recognition and binding to the cellular virus receptor as well as fusion of viral and cellular lipid membranes to release the viral particle into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Foamy viruses (FVs) are a special group of retroviruses with a very broad host range that ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55701-9_5
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The CBA/N strain carries xid, a murine btk missense mutation that reduces peripheral B cell numbers. Using in vivo BrdU labeling and cytofluorimetry, we have compared the magnitude, production rates, and turnover rates of each B lineage subset in the marrow and periphery of CBA/Ca and CBA/N mice. Our results show the ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-57284-5_4
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural and intentional biological risks threaten human civilization, both through direct human fatality as well as follow-on effects from a collapse of the just-in-time delivery system that provides food, energy and critical supplies to communities globally. Human beings have multiple innate cognitive biases that sys...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2019_162
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The level and turnover of phosphoinositides (PIs) are tightly controlled by a large set of PI-specific enzymes (PI kinases and phosphatases). Mammalian PI phosphatases are conserved through evolution and among this large family the dual-specificity phosphatase (PTP/DSP) are metal-independent enzymes displaying the ami...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-94-007-5025-8_10
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Certain vertebrates are capable of regenerating parts of the eye, including the lens. Depending on the species, two principal forms of in vivo lens regeneration have been described wherein the new lens arises from either the pigmented epithelium of the dorsal iris or the cornea epithelium. These forms of lens regenera...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2012_289
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is currently a handful of genome sequences available for tailed bacteriophages with genomes of more than 200 kbp of DNA, designated here as giant or jumbo phages. The majority of the proteins predicted from the genome sequences of these phages have no matches in the current sequence databases, and the genomes th...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68618-7_7
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the major surface glycoprotein on influenza viruses and mediates viral attachment and subsequent fusion with host cells. The HA is the major target of the immune response, but due to its high level of variability, as evidenced by substantial antigenic diversity, it had been historically...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2014_413
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past two decades of gene targeting experiments have allowed us to make significant strides towards understanding how the Myc/Max/Mad network influences multiple aspects of cellular behavior during development. Here we summarize the findings obtained from the myc/max/mad knockout mice generated to date, namely thos...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/3-540-32952-8_8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle responsible for folding of secretory and membrane proteins. Perturbance in ER homeostasis caused by various intrinsic/extrinsic stimuli challenges the protein-folding capacity of the ER, leading to an ER dysfunction, called ER stress. Cells have developed a defens...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2017_41
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the adjuvant properties of silicone oil, silicone gel and silicone elastomer using a foreign antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Seventy male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 250 grams each, were divided into 7 groups: A- incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) with BSA; B- silicone oil with B...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85226-8_13
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine dedicated to delivering molecules out of bacterial cells. T6SS-encoding loci are in the genome sequences of many Gram-negative bacteria, and T6SS has been implicated in a plethora of roles. In the majority of cases, the T6SSs deliver effector p...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2018_99
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to regulate and even target mutagenesis is an extremely valuable cellular asset. Enzyme-catalyzed DNA cytosine deamination is a molecular strategy employed by vertebrates to promote antibody diversity and defend against foreign nucleic acids. Ten years ago, a family of cellular enzymes was first described ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Imprinting is the uniparental expression of a set of genes. Somatic cells carry two haploid sets of chromosomes, one maternal and one paternal, while germ cells contain only one of the two forms of chromosomes, male or female. This implies that during early embryogenesis the cells committed for developing the future g...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/3-540-31390-7_8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the complex arrangement of neurons and their interconnections within the brain has made significant progress in recent years. Current research has uncovered a network of intracellular signaling events that provide precise coordination of a diverse array ...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2010_82
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Production of type I IFN is the key response to viral infection. Since the discovery of type I IFNs in 1957, long double-stranded RNA formed during replication of many viruses was thought to be responsible for type I IFN induction, and for decades double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) was thought to be th...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71329-6_11
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advances in the biological characterization of tumors has led to the design and development of anticancer agents targeting specific molecular alterations. The majority of these agents are designed to silence phosphorylation signals that are required for the development and maintenance of the cancer phenotype in specif...
journal_title:Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/82_2011_164
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00