Abstract：
:This study examines the adjuvant properties of silicone oil, silicone gel and silicone elastomer using a foreign antigen, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Seventy male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 250 grams each, were divided into 7 groups: A- incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) with BSA; B- silicone oil with BSA; C- IFA/silicone oil with BSA; D- 50% silicone gel/50% silicone oil with BSA; E- silicone oil/1000 microns elastomer particles with BSA; F- silicone oil/500 microns elastomer particles with BSA; G- saline with BSA. Rats were implanted intramuscularly with mixtures or emulsions of the above described treatment materials. Cardiac punctures were performed on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 55. Serum IgG antibody response to BSA was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rats were sacrificed on day 55 and sections of the injection sites were collected and stained for histopathologic evaluation. The results demonstrated that silicone gel functions as a potent immunologic adjuvant as measured by a heightened IgG antibody response to BSA. In contrast silicone elastomer particles have no apparent adjuvant effect as determined by the low anti-BSA antibody levels in these treatment groups throughout the course of the study. Histologically, silicone gel and silicone elastomer elicit a moderate to severe "foreign body" granulomatous inflammatory response at the injection site. Silicone oil elicits mild or no local inflammatory response.
journal_name
Curr Top Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyauthors
Hill SL,Landavere MG,Rose NRdoi
10.1007/978-3-642-85226-8_13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-01-01 00:00:00pages
123-37eissn
0070-217Xissn
2196-9965journal_volume
210pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that orchestrate human lymphocyte differentiation and condition human immune responses is in part due to the limited access to normal human tissue samples that can inform on these complex processes. In addition, in vitro culture conditions fail to recapitulate the three-d...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2015_488
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thus, in our studies, we demonstrated that CpG ODN are effective in preventing the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-reactivity in a murine model of asthma. Antigen-associated elevation of serum IgE levels is also suppressed. CpG ODN, administered in conjunction with antigen, is also ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-59672-8_15
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza vaccines are the mainstay of efforts to reduce the substantial health burden from seasonal influenza. Inactivated influenza vaccines have been available since the 1940s and are administered via intramuscular injection. Inactivated vaccines can be given to anyone six months of age or older. Live attenuated, c...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_3
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CVB3 myocarditis can lead to dilated cardiomyopath (DCM). DCM is one of the leading causes of the need for heart transplantation, so it is important to understand the life cycle of CVB3 and its interactions with the host cell. Infection causes rapid death of host cardiomyocytes by altering normal cellular homeostasis ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-75546-3_8
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein synthesis requires nutrients both as precursors (amino acids) and as a source of energy, since this process consumes a high proportion of cellular metabolic energy. Recent work has shown that both types of nutrients directly influence the activities of components of the translational machinery in mammalian cel...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-18930-2_13
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Picornavirus 5' NCRs contain IRES elements that have been divided into two groups, exemplified by PV (type 1) and EMCV (type 2). These elements are functionally related and have an intriguing level of structural and sequence similarity. Some conserved RNA sequences and/or structures may correspond to cis-acting elemen...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-79663-0_2
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) remains the most prevalent pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa even though it was the first human cancer with a viral etiology described over 50 years ago. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in a BL tumor in 1964 and has since been implicated in other malignancies. The etiology ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_11
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes can result in either anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects or prostimulatory consequences through presentation of cell-associated antigens to T cells. The differences in outcome are due to the conditions under which apoptosis is induced, the type of phagocytic cell,...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27320-4_12
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and represents one of the most relevant bacterial diseases worldwide. Recent advances have yielded new insights into the molecular basis of the immune response required for restriction of the pathogen and also highlighted determinants of im...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_9
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this chapter, cancer research using immunodeficient mice, with emphasis on metastasis field studies, is described. The definition of "humanized mice" used for biomedical research is given in the chapter by Nomura et al. in this volume. Briefly, a humanized mouse possesses human cells or tissues and shows, in part, ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-75647-7_11
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemopoietic cells express relatively high levels of the type I phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase isoforms, with p110δ and γ exhibiting specialized signaling functions in neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and lymphocytes. In platelets, p110β appears to be the dominant PI 3-kinase isoform regulating platelet activation, ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_61
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yersinia entercolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are human foodborne pathogens that interact extensively with tissues of the gut and the host's immune system to cause disease. As part of their pathogenic strategies, the Yersinia have evolved numerous ways to invade host tissues, gain essential nutrients, and eva...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6_3
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was discovered more than six decades ago, but has remained poorly investigated. However, after a recent outbreak of CHIK fever in both hemispheres and viral adaptation to new species of mosquitoes, it has attracted a lot of attention. The currently available experimental data suggest that mol...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2018_146
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumors are formed following the accumulation of several genetic changes in genes which normally function to regulate cell growth. As yet it is unclear why multiple mutations are required, which type of alterations can collaborate with each other, and if collaboration is cell-type specific. In our myc transgenic mouse ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-77633-5_62
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is arguably one of the most successful pathogens of humans, persistently infecting over ninety percent of the world's population. Despite this high frequency of carriage, the virus causes apparently few adverse effects in the vast majority of infected individuals. Nevertheless, the potent grow...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-22834-1_11
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The "humanized mouse" is a mouse harboring functioning human tissues used as in vivo human models for both physiological and pathological conditions. The NOD/Shi-scid IL2rgamma(null) (NOG) mouse, an excellent immunodeficient mouse used as the basis for the humanized mouse, requires strict genetic and environmental con...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-75647-7_1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measles virus (MV) has two envelope glycoproteins, the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein, which are responsible for attachment and membrane fusion, respectively. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM, also called CD150), a membrane glycoprotein expressed on immune cells, acts as the principal cellular rece...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitogenic dermonecrotic toxin from Pasteurella multocida (PMT) is a 1285-residue multipartite protein that belongs to the A-B family of bacterial protein toxins. Through its G-protein-deamidating activity on the α subunits of heterotrimeric G(q)-, G(i)- and G(12/13)-proteins, PMT potently stimulates downstream mit...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2012_219
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Host cell attachment by influenza A viruses is mediated by the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA), and the recognition of specific types of sialic acid -containing glycan receptors constitutes one of the major determinants of viral host range and transmission properties. Structural studies have elucidated some of the vir...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_423
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of human organotypic models for biomedical research is experiencing a significant increase due to their biological relevance, the possibility to perform high-throughput analyses, and their cost efficiency. In the field of anti-infective research, comprising the search for novel antipathogenic treatments includ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2018_130
更新日期：2018-09-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Single-cell technologies like mass cytometry enable researchers to comprehensively monitor signaling network responses in the context of heterogeneous cell populations. Cell-to-cell variability, the possibly nonlinear topology of signaling processes, and the destructive nature of mass cytometry necessitate nontrivial ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2013_350
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The capacity of varicella zoster virus (VZV) to cause varicella (chickenpox) relies upon multiple steps, beginning with inoculation of the host at mucosal sites with infectious virus in respiratory droplets. Despite the presence of a powerful immune defense system, this virus is able to disseminate from the site of in...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_41
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation and expansion of T cells in an antimicrobial immune response is based on the ability of T cell receptors (TCR) to discriminate between MHC-bound peptides derived from different microbial agents as well as self-proteins. However, the specificity of T cells is constrained by the limited number of peptide ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-30791-5_2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an experimental model that closely resembles human autoimmune gastritis, the underlying pathology of pernicious anemia. Pathogenic CD4+ T cells are reactive to the parietal cell autoantigen, H/K ATPase, and are controlled by CD4+CD25+ T cells in an immunosuppressive cytokine-independent m...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27702-1_8
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform diverse regulatory functions in transcription, translation' chromatin modification, and cellular organization. Misregulation of lncRNAs is found linked to various human diseases. Compared to protein-coding RNAs' lncRNAs are more specific to organs, tissues, cell types, development...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2015_464
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a contractile nanomachine dedicated to delivering molecules out of bacterial cells. T6SS-encoding loci are in the genome sequences of many Gram-negative bacteria, and T6SS has been implicated in a plethora of roles. In the majority of cases, the T6SSs deliver effector p...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2018_99
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After infection of a cell, the positive-strand RNA genome of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) directly serves as the template for translation in the cytosol. By the use of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the viral RNA, the HCV RNA bypasses the need for nuclear processing...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-27340-7_6
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogen human cytomegalovirus (CMV) encodes several proteins homologous to those of the host organism. Four different CMV genes encode chemokine receptor-like peptides. These genes, UL33, UL78, US27, and US28, are expressed at various stages of infection in vitro. Their functions remain ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-59421-2_13
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules for providing long-term sterile immunity as well as their major contribution to tissue inflammation during autoimmune diseases is generally accepted. In a similar manner, studies over the last years have elucidated many details of the molecular and cellular pathways u...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_18
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family that consists of viruses with nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. Infection by these viruses triggers the innate antiviral response of the host, mainly type I interferon (IFN). Essentially all other viruses of this family produce IFN supp...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-38919-1_9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
