Abstract：
:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) perform diverse regulatory functions in transcription, translation' chromatin modification, and cellular organization. Misregulation of lncRNAs is found linked to various human diseases. Compared to protein-coding RNAs' lncRNAs are more specific to organs, tissues, cell types, developmental stages, and disease conditions' making them promising candidates as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as gene therapy targets. The functional annotation of mammalian genome (FANTOM) consortium utilizes cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) method to quantify genome-wide activities of promoters and enhancers of coding and noncoding RNAs across a large collection of human and mouse tissues' cell types' diseases, and time-courses. The project discovered widespread transcription of major lncRNA classes, including lncRNAs derived from enhancers' bidirectional promoters' antisense lncRNAs' and repetitive elements. Results from FANTOM project enable assessment of lncRNA expression specificity across tissue and disease conditions' based on differential promoter and enhancer usage. More than 85 % of disease-related SNPs are within noncoding regions and are strikingly overrepresented in enhancer and promoter regions, suggestive of the importance of lncRNA loci at these SNP harboring regions to human diseases. In this chapter' we discuss lncRNA expression specificity' review diverse functions of disease-associated lncRNAs' and present perspectives on their potential therapeutic applications for personalized medicine. The future development of lncRNA applications relies on technologies to identify and validate their functions' structures' and mechanisms. Comprehensive understanding of genome-wide interaction networks of lncRNAs with proteins, chromatins, and other RNAs in regulating cellular processes will allow personalized medicine to use lncRNAs as highly specific biomarkers in diagnosis' prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
journal_name
Curr Top Microbiol Immunoljournal_title
Current topics in microbiology and immunologyauthors
Nguyen Q,Carninci Pdoi
10.1007/82_2015_464subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
237-58eissn
0070-217Xissn
2196-9965journal_volume
394pub_type
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
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doi：10.1007/82_2018_80
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-73677-6_9
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abstract：:Poliovirus (PV) is the causal agent of paralytic poliomyelitis, an acute disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in flaccid paralysis. The development of new animal and cell models has allowed the key steps of the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis to be investigated at the molecular level. In particular, it ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27320-4_2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
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doi：10.1007/978-3-662-05767-4_6
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2010_41
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-30791-5_2
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2013_338
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rho GTPases are molecular switches controlling a broad range of cellular processes including lymphocyte activation. Not surprisingly, Rho GTPases are now recognized as pivotal regulators of antigen-specific T cell activation by APCs and immunological synapse formation. This review summarizes recent advances in our und...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-27511-8_5
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-29088-5_16
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-59414-4_5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2017_52
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2017_68
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-92165-3_13
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2019_192
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-29714-6_13
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame (ORF) 66 encodes a basophilic kinase orthologous to the US3 protein kinases found in all alphaherpesviruses. This review summarizes current information on the ORF66 kinase, and outlines apparent differences from other US3 kinases, as well as some of the conserved fun...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2009_7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main functions of retroviral glycoproteins are recognition and binding to the cellular virus receptor as well as fusion of viral and cellular lipid membranes to release the viral particle into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Foamy viruses (FVs) are a special group of retroviruses with a very broad host range that ...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55701-9_5
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yersinia entercolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are human foodborne pathogens that interact extensively with tissues of the gut and the host's immune system to cause disease. As part of their pathogenic strategies, the Yersinia have evolved numerous ways to invade host tissues, gain essential nutrients, and eva...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-01846-6_3
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2014_413
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-540-70523-9_2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-55747-7_9
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naturally arising CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, which express the transcription factor Foxp3, play key roles in the maintenance of immunologic self-tolerance and negative control of a variety of physiological and pathological immune responses. The majority of them are produced by the normal thymus as a functionally ma...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/3-540-29714-6_3
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-642-37765-5_1
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/82_2013_348
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Picornaviridae encompass many positive-strand RNA viruses, all of which share a generally similar genome design and capsid structure, but which induce quite diverse diseases in humans and other animals. Picornavirus strains of the same serotype have been shown to express different virulence (or pathogenic) phenoty...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-26397-7_7
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a formidable foe equipped with an armamentarium of virulence factors to thwart host defenses and establish a successful infection. Among these virulence factors, S. aureus produces several potent secreted proteins that act as cytotoxins, predominant among them the beta-barrel pore-...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/82_2016_16
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/3-540-30791-5_4
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunoglobulins and Fc receptors are critical glycoprotein components of the immune system. Fc receptors bind the Fc (effector) region of antibody molecules and communicate information within the innate and adaptive immune systems. Glycosylation of antibodies, particularly in the Fc region of IgG, has been extensively...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-07911-0_8
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is predominantly known for its tight association with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer development. However, recent epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that chronic infection with H. pylori may at the same time be beneficial to the host by conferrin...
journal_title：Current topics in microbiology and immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_14
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
