Abstract：
:Metabolic activation steps involved in carcinogenesis by several aromatic amines, their N-acetylated derivatives, and dialkylnitrosamines are reviewed. N-Hydroxylation is the first activation step in the carcinogenesis by 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), other aromatic amides and amines. The cytochrome P-450 enzyme system is involved in AAF N-hydroxylation. Reconstitution studies indicate that the specificity of AAF N-hydroxylation is determined by the source of cytochrome P-450. Further metabolic activations of aromatic N-hydroxy amines and amides via sulfate, acetyl, and glucuronyl transfer reactions in the hepatic and extrahepatic tissue carcinogenesis by AAF, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine, and aminoazo dyes are discussed. Dialkylnitrosamines are shown to be activated by oxidative dealkylation via cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems. Other microsomal enzymes are also believed to be involved in oxidation of these compounds. Tissue and species show specificity in oxidative metabolism of these carcinogens. During oxidation of these compounds, reactive alkylating species are generated which interact covalently with cellular macromolecules. DNA methylation does occur during NADPH dependent oxidation of dimethylnitrosamine by liver microsomes. High pressure liquid chromatography separation of acid hydrolyzed DNA indicates the presence of methylated bases including N-7 methylguanine and O6-methylguanine. It is believed that the presence of O6-alkylguanine in DNA may be responsible for the initiation of carcinogenesis by dialkylnitrosamines.
journal_name
J Cancer Res Clin Oncoljournal_title
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncologyauthors
Lotlikar PDdoi
10.1007/BF00412448subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
125-36issue
1-2eissn
0171-5216issn
1432-1335journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE:Liver cancers are among the deadliest malignancies due to a limited efficacy of early diagnostics, the lack of appropriate biomarkers and insufficient discrimination of different types of tumors by classic and molecular methods. In this study, we searched for novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as well as valida...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-020-03378-5
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate the preventive efficacy, safety and usefulness of mesna (Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) against ifosfamide-induced urinary disorders, a placebo-controlled double-blind comparative study was performed. Ifosfamide was administered by intravenous drip infusion at a daily dose of 2 g/m2 for 5 cons...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF01612769
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse event that can be induced by capecitabine. It is hypothesized that capecitabine (Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.) based chemotherapy can cause overexpression of COX-2 in tumor and healthy tissue, which finally induced HFS in hands and feet. Based on this, we believed that a s...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00432-010-0958-9
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Proteins involved in the aberrant regulation of signaling pathways and their downstream effectors are promising targets for cancer therapy. Survivin is an anti-apoptotic and cell cycle-promoting protein, which is consistently overexpressed in cancer cells. In normal cells, its expression is tightly controlle...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-012-1195-1
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The expression of mRNAs for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha(TGF alpha), EGFR, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A and B chain, PDGF receptor (PDGFR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), erbB-2 and estrogen receptor (ER) genes was first examined in 6 human esophageal carcinom...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01218421
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ftorafur (FT), a 2-tetrahydrofuryl derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was introduced into cancer chemotherapy with the hope to obtain a therapeutic effect comparable to 5-FU with a smaller dose and less side effects. A comparison of the effect of FT and 5-FU on the proliferation of L 1210 ascites tumor cells in the p...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00405899
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Natural killer (NK) cells can kill transformed cells and represent anti-tumor activities for improving the immunotherapy of cancer. In previous works, we established human interleukin-15 (hIL-15) gene-modified NKL cells (NKL-IL15) and demonstrated their efficiency against human hepatocarcinoma cells (HCCs) in v...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-018-2654-0
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Recently, it was reported that expression of transglutaminase 2 plays an important role in doxorubicin/cisplatin resistance in breast and ovarian cancer. The aims of this study were to verify the role of transglutaminase 2 in cisplatin response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to study if transglutamin...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-009-0681-6
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To study the role of beta-catenin gene mutation and expression in hepatocellular carcinogenesis. METHOD:Thirty-four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens and adjacent para-cancerous tissues, and four normal liver tissues were analyzed. Subcellular distribution of beta-catenin was examined by immunohistochemistr...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004320100259
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We measured an estrogen-receptor-associated protein (ER-D5), estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER; PgR) in samples obtained from 28 female patients with primary breast carcinoma. A correlation of r = 0.79 was found between ER-D5 and ER values and between ER-D5 and PgR values in premenopausal woman. In postmenopausa...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00391705
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in the expression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese SOD (Mn-SOD) in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS:Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD mRNA express...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-009-0610-8
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritant diterpene ester toxins were isolated from Euphorbia nubica and E. helioscopia, which are contaminants of the green fodder of livestock in Egypt. Fractionations of methanol extracts of aerial parts of both plants were monitored by the irritation unit on the mouse ear. Plant extracts were subjected to multiplic...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004320000214
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In supporting the human-tumor cloning effort of the Southwest Oncology Group, we conducted an independent retrospective study to evaluate the clinical correlations of the soft-agar colony-forming assay developed by Hamburger and Salmon (1977). This study was made with the cooperation of 76 clinicians and 11 hospitals ...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01884250
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Individuals affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occasionally develop lymphoproliferative disorders (RA-LPD). To study the molecular changes underscoring the RA-LPD, mutations of p53 and Bak gene were analyzed in RA-LPD with (MTX-LPD) or without methotrexate treatment for RA (non-MTX-LPD). METHODS:Histology a...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-006-0152-2
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently a new proto-oncogene, the murine double-minute 2 (MDM2), has been described. MDM2 becomes oncogenic due to amplification and overexpression. Among other proto-oncogenes MDM2 becomes interesting since MDM2 protein can associate with both mutant and wild type p53 tumor suppressor gene products and thus inhibit ...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01372566
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical course--and hence the prognosis--of patients suffering from malignant tumors are essentially determined by the capability of tumor cells to metastasize. During the past decade knowledge about genetic aberrations, as well as molecular and cell biological mechanisms which are involved in the regulation of t...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s004320000148
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the structure/activity relationships of a series of substituted benzamides as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. The experimental approach has involved the use of in vitro and in vivo assays in order to gather information either on the intrinsic activity of the benzamides ...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01637083
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To study whether fluorescent lighting at work might increase carcinogenesis, hairless mice were exposed to a bank of six 36 W standard fluorescent lamps (neutral-white) every workday for 8 h at an illuminance level of 1,000 lx. For comparison, other mice were exposed to UVB radiation or to simulated solar radiation. I...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00404397
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to produce large liver tumors reliably, and to diagnose the tumors during development. Therefore, New Zealand white rabbits were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine orally three times per week by gavage and were examined by clinical-chemical assay at regular intervals during the average treatm...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01613135
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The polymorphisms in microRNA (miRNA) machinery genes and miRNA-containing genomic regions may play an important role in cancer development and prognosis. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNA-related genes and their impact on the prognosis for patients with...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-009-0754-6
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carcinogenic effectiveness of nitrosomethyl-n-butylamine,-n-hexylamine and -n-heptylamine was compared by administration to F344 rats at various concentrations in drinking water and by gavage in oil. Nitrosomethylbutylamine induced only tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and was very toxic. Nitrosomethylh...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00402603
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Tumor suppressor gene therapy and cytokine gene therapy have limited antitumor effects when used alone. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the antitumor potentials of the combined transfer of the p16 tumor suppressor gene and the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene. M...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004320000187
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), radiation and the therapy of their combination were investigated in rats bearing G-XII glioma. DFMO treatment as well as radiation therapy prolonged the survival period when compared to the results in non-treated control rats. The combination therapy showed a greate...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01410129
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) and adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) have been recently shown to be associated with outcome in patients with esophageal carcinoma, especially adenocarcinoma. We wanted to validate the correlation of these two markers with outcome by detecting methylated DNA sequenc...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-009-0564-x
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of structurally related zinc-dependent endopeptidases that are able to degrade extracellular matrix components. MMPs play a role in tumor invasion and tumor metastasis. MMP-2 (also known as gelatinase A) is expressed in human melanoma cells. METHODS:In this study, ...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004320100257
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate the effects of Akt/ARK5 pathways on the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The human ARK5 gene was transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells. Effects of ARK5 on MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated in vitro. The tumorigenicity and spontaneously metastatic capability r...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-011-1102-1
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To determine the potential involvement of ANXA1 in oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), we evaluated the ANXA1 protein expression in oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) and OSCCs and correlated the results with clinicopathologic variables. METHODS:Matched normal and tumour specimens of 44 primary OSCCs and 28 OPL...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-008-0530-z
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The appearance of the cervical mucosa is regulated by different factors including retinoic acid. Hormone-dependent alteration of the cervix uteri mucosa is accompanied by a decrease or increase of cytoplasmatic retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP). To elucidate whether this hormone-dependent alteration of CRAB...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004320050008
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Since continuous relapse rates are characteristic for advanced low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), their treatment remains a problem. Previous phase II studies showed that bendamustine induced high remission rates in pre-treated low-grade NHL. To further examine its efficacy and side effects, bendamustine ...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-002-0378-6
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To evaluate prognostic factors in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, operable breast cancer focusing on the progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). PATIENTS AND METHODS:A total of 819 patients with ER-positive, operable breast cancer were enrolled. All patients received up...
journal_title：Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00432-011-0976-2
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
