Abstract:
RATIONALE:Brain reward pathways implicated in addiction appear to be less reactive in regular drug users; behavioural manifestations may include decreased sensitivity to natural reinforcers. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to replicate earlier findings of abstinence-associated incentive motivation deficits in smokers and to determine whether these can be reversed with nicotine in the form of lozenge. METHODS:One hundred forty-five smokers were each tested twice, once after receiving nicotine, and once after receiving placebo lozenge in counterbalanced order. Participants completed various tests of incentive motivational functioning: a measure of subjective enjoyment, the Snaith-Hamilton pleasure scale (SHAPS); a simple card sorting task, the card arranging reward responsivity objective test (CARROT) with and without financial incentive; the modified emotional Stroop test; a cue-reactivity task; and a novel reaction time task to explore effects of signals of reward, the incentive motivational enhancement of response speed task. RESULTS:Compared with performance during abstinence (placebo condition), nicotine was associated with: higher self-reported pleasure expectations on the SHAPS; enhanced responsiveness to financial reward on the CARROT in smokers who smoked 15 or more cigarettes a day; and greater interference from appetitive words on the Stroop task. CONCLUSIONS:These results are generally consistent with contemporary neurobiological theories of addiction and suggest that short-term smoking abstinence is associated with impaired reward motivation which can be reversed with nicotine.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Dawkins L,Powell JH,West R,Powell J,Pickering Adoi
10.1007/s00213-006-0588-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
355-67issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
189pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Administration to mice of harmaline (100 mg/kg SC) resulted in a greater than two-fold increase in cyclic GMP in the cerebellum 15 min later. This response was inhibited by pretreatment 5 min before the harmaline with pentobarbital (ED50 6.5 mg/kg), chlormethiazole (ED50 10.4 mg/kg) and dizocilpine (ED50 0.5 mg/kg). H...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02257413
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study from our laboratory has demonstrated that C57BL/6 male mice that are chronically injected with nicotine develop a profound tolerance to nicotine that is not associated with changes in brain nicotinic receptors. We have proposed that alterations in the secretion of corticosterone (CCS) may regulate toler...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245877
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mood-altering properties of amphetamine (AMPH) in humans (euphoria and depression) have been postulated to be related to the increases and decreases respectively which this drug produces in the sensitivity of the reward system of the brain. The present study further evaluated this relationship by testing the effec...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433801
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A recent report described sex differences in the effects of nicotine use and withdrawal on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI), but no sex differences in PPI in non-smokers. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether previously reported male>female acoustic PPI reflect sex differences in smoking effects on PPI...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051111
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Cessation of daily caffeine consumption produces a withdrawal syndrome comprised of subjective symptoms and functional impairment. Few controlled studies have examined the physiological effects of caffeine withdrawal. OBJECTIVE:The present study examined the effect of caffeine withdrawal on cerebral blood fl...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130050005
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study experimental alcohol intake that leads to heightened aggression, we established ethanol self-administration in aggressive rats. The focus was on low doses of self-administered ethanol and to assess their effects on aggressive behavior in resident rats, using a limited access paradigm followed by a 5-...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050295
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acamprosate (calcium-acetyl homotaurinate) is a new compound used in the treatment of alcohol abuse. Because of the putative link between alcoholism and the endogenous opioid systems in both humans and laboratory animals, we tested in rats the effects of acamprosate on behavioral and neurochemical effects of opioid dr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050730
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients received caerulein, a potent analogue of cholecystokinin octapeptide, in a fixed- and rising-dose schedule. In addition, neuroleptic-treated patients received a single dose of the peptide with a 4-week follow-up. No significant change in mental status was observed after any of t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00180843
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The antidepressant nortriptyline is a second-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Given that there is limited preclinical data available on the effects of nortriptyline on responses to nicotine, the present study sought to evaluate its effects on the reinforcing, discriminative stimulus (DS) and aversi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2413-2
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Drug-associated environmental stimuli may serve as conditioned reinforcers to enhance drug self-administration behaviors in humans and laboratory animals. However, it can be difficult to distinguish experimentally the conditioned reinforcing effects of a stimulus from other behavioral processes that can chang...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3102-0
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mature rats (starting weight at least 270 g) were treated daily with cannabis extract (daily THC dose 20 mg/kg) for 3 months. After a 1- to 4-month drug-free period, residual effects on a variety of behaviors were studied. No residual effects were found in learning of an eight-arm radial maze task, nor on a differenti...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429660
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Tryptophan depletion is used to reduce central serotonergic function and to investigate its role in psychiatric illness. Despite widespread clinical use, its effects on serotonin (5-HT) receptors have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute (ATD) and ch...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0635-5
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several behaviors associated with the serotonin syndrome have been reported in rats following administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT. The present investigation approached this phenomenon from an ethopharmacological perspective, and provided a detailed temporal analysis of the behavioral effects of thi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247363
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:There is a requirement to ensure that UK armed forces are provided with the best possible medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the effects of exposure to nerve agents. When pretreatments are under consideration, it is of particular importance to ensure that they do not in themselves give rise to adv...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1324-7
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A previous study found that a 10-min bout of moderate intensity exercise reduced cigarette withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke in sedentary smokers but the effect may have been due to participants focusing attention on physical activity rather than the activity itself. OBJECTIVES:This study examined the ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1762-x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The mechanism involved in AD is complex, which has prompted to develop compounds that could simultaneously interact with several potential targets. Here, we report a new synthesized compound SCR-1693 which is designed to target both AChE and calcium channels that are potential for AD therapy. OBJECTIVES:We i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4133-5
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The antidepressant action of acute nicotine administration in clinical and animal studies is well recognized. But the underlying mechanism for this effect has not been carefully discovered. OBJECTIVES:We attempted to evaluate the possible role of N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the antidepressant-li...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4004-0
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been proposed to have a higher efficacy and/or faster onset of action than previously available antidepressants. OBJECTIVES:We examined in biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioural assays the antidepressant properties of (S)-(...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0087-3
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In cell culture systems, agonists can promote the phosphorylation and internalization of receptors coupled to G proteins (GPCR), leading to their desensitization. However, in the CNS opioid agonists promote a profound desensitization of their analgesic effects without diminishing the presence of their recepto...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2248-9
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Executive function impairment, as classically assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sort Test or intradimensional/extradimensional tests, is a key feature of schizophrenia but remains inadequately treated by existing therapies. Recently, however, erythropoietin has been shown to improve attentional set-shifting p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1990-9
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Selective attention deficit, characterised by the inability to differentiate relevant from irrelevant information, is considered to underlie many cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, and appears to be only marginally responsive to treatment with current antipsychotics. OBJECTIVES:We compared the activity of ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2268-5
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work in this and another laboratory has shown that nicotine tablets improve the performance of a rapid information processing task and reduce the Stroop effect, whereas scopolamine has the opposite effects. The purpose of this study was to extend these previous findings by determining whether, when administer...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00432014
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A number of studies have indicated a relationship between the intake of palatable foods or fluids and drug self-administration. OBJECTIVES:Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the intake of sucrose or fat was related to subsequent cocaine self-administration. METHODS:In separate groups of rat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000375
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were treated once with doses of haloperidol or of droperidol below and above the acute ID50 vs the dopamine agonist apomorphine; they were later challenged with an acute dose of apomorphine (0.3 mg/kg, SC) and rated for stereotyped behavioral responses. The two neuroleptics were similar in acute anti-apomorphine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431801
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study a cross-familiarisation conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm was utilized to reveal stimulus resemblance between the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-OHDPAT and a variety of serotonergic and non-serotonergic drugs. In male mice, a 0.22 mg/kg dose of 8-OHDPAT was used as the reference compound induc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247372
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were trained on a fixed ratio 10, food-reinforced schedule to recognize a discriminative stimulus (DS) elicited by the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), citalopram (2.5 mg/kg, IP). The preferential, high efficacy agonist at 5-HT2C receptors, Ro60-0175, dose-dependently generalized to citalopra...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050910
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Low doses of 8-OH-DPAT (62.5-250 micrograms/kg) were reinforcing in the place preference conditioning procedure, while a higher dose (1 mg/kg) supported a conditioned place aversion. The 5-HT synthesis inhibitor PCPA, and the DA antagonists pimozide and sulpiride, had no effect when administered alone, but abolished t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244082
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal male volunteers took single acute doses of either diazepam or placebo under double-blind conditions in three simulated public speaking experiments. Measures of palmar sweating and subjective anxiety showed that anticipation of speaking in public increased anxiety relative to baseline and prestress conditions, a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00436092
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Serotonin and especially serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor signaling are important in the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia and affective disorders. We previously reported a novel 5-HT(2A) receptor effector, increased transglutaminase (TGase)-catalyzed transamidation, and activation of the small G protei...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1984-7
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two putative predictors of placebo response were studied in three samples of psychiatric outpatients. Two groups, 73 university medical center patients and 56 college health service patients, underwent 1 week of placebo treatment. A quasi-control group of 112 patients receiving no medication waited about 1 week before...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00433557
更新日期:1979-06-21 00:00:00