Abstract:
RATIONALE:The amygdala and insular cortex are integral to the processing of emotionally salient stimuli. We have shown in healthy volunteers that an anxiolytic agent, lorazepam, dose-dependently attenuates activation of limbic structures. OBJECTIVE:The current study investigated whether administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, alters the activation of limbic structures. We hypothesized that subchronic (21 days) SSRI treatment attenuates the activation of the amygdala and insula during processing of emotional faces. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, randomized study. After 21 days of treatment with either escitalopram or placebo, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which all subjects completed an emotion face assessment task, which has been shown to elicit amygdala and insula activation. RESULTS:Subjects activated the bilateral insula and amygdala after treatment with both escitalopram and placebo. In subjects who were adherent to the protocol (as evidenced by sufficiently high urine concentrations of escitalopram), a reduction in amygdala activation was seen in the escitalopram condition compared to placebo. CONCLUSION:The current investigation provides further evidence for the mechanism of action of SSRIs through the attenuation of activation in brain regions responsible for emotion processing and provides support for the use of blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI with pharmacological probes to help identify the specific therapeutic effect of these agents in patients with anxiety and mood disorders.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Arce E,Simmons AN,Lovero KL,Stein MB,Paulus MPdoi
10.1007/s00213-007-1004-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-03-01 00:00:00pages
661-72issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
196pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The asymptomatic and clinical stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) are associated with comorbid non-motor symptoms including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Although the neuroprotective and gastroprotective roles of kolaviron (KV) have been reported independently, whether KV-mediated GI-protective capacity could be b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05605-w
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of fixed-ratio (FR) size, scopolamine, and the interactions between FR size and scopolamine were investigated in male F344 rats on working memory as assessed by spatial alternation behavior maintained under FR schedules of food presentation where the interval between trials was varied among values of 2, 4,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244001
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a potential mediator of psychiatric diseases. Depressed patients have been shown to have a different microbiota composition compared with healthy controls, and several lines of research now aim to restore this dysbiosis. To develop novel treatments, preclinical...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5094-2
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The hallucinatory effect and potential abuse of salvinorin A, the major ingredient of Salvia divinorum, has not been documented in animals. OBJECTIVE:The effects of salvinorin A on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, through its swimming behavior and conditioned place preference (CPP) task, was studied. MATE...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0639-1
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ibogaine is currently being investigated for its potential use as an anti-addictive agent. In the present study we sought to determine whether prior morphine exposure influences the ability of ibogaine to inhibit morphine-induced locomotor stimulation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated once a day for 1-4 days...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246495
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A previously reported pharmacokinetic interaction between bromperidol and carbamazepine, an inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, suggests possible involvement of CYP3A4 in the metabolism of bromperidol. OBJECTIVE:We investigated pharmacokinetic interaction between bromperidol and itraconazole, a potent inhi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051048
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin(5-HT)-stimulated intracellular calcium(Ca) mobilization was measured in the platelets of depressed patients to assess 5-HT2 receptor function. The 5-HT-induced Ca response was significantly higher in unmedicated patients with bipolar depression and melancholic major depression than in those with non-melancho...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245204
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats exhibit profound individual differences in their propensity to ingest sugar and in their locomotor response to AMP. Intrinsic variation in the responsiveness of mesolimbic dopamine mechanisms has been suggested to account for these individual differences. In light of this overlap, it might be expected that indivi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244864
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Quetiapine extended release (XR) has been used to treat various psychiatric disorders, including depressive episodes associated with bipolar I and II disorders. Quetiapine XR is the first approved drug in China for the treatment of bipolar disorder. OBJECTIVES:The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4215-z
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing interest in subjective well-being and quality of life of schizophrenic patients represents a conceptual shift in therapeutic outcome criteria. Symptom reduction alone was the most essential outcome parameter for a long time; with the development of atypical antipsychotics more ambitious success criteria...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1052-z
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previous studies have shown that buspirone, a partial 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, produces antinociceptive effects in rats and mice; Ca(2+) plays a critical role as a second messenger in mediating nociceptive transmission. 5-HT(1A) receptors have been proven to be coupled functionally with various types of Ca(...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1327-4
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen rats were trained to discriminate the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (sodium salt, 200 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Intermediate responding, i.e., responding not fully appropriate for either training condition was observed in test...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426468
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an effective a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432273
更新日期:1979-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Five elderly depressed patients were treated with amitriptyline (AT) and nortriptyline (NT) in turn, in a cross-over design. Steady-state plasma drug levels were compared with those calculated for eight healthy subjects of previous single-dose studies. Plasma clearances were on average about 2.5 times lower in the pat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00436164
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in ten normal volunteers assessed the effects of the subcutaneous administration of adrenaline on platelet MAO activity, in an attempt to replicate previous findings of increased MAO activity following adrenaline. Platelet counts, cortisol plasma concentrations, and...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00430491
更新日期:1976-11-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Rats reared in social isolation exhibit various cognitive and behavioural abnormalities in adulthood. However, impulsivity following this treatment still remains unclear, especially in response to medications used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as amphetamine. METHODS:Using an isolation-r...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4579-8
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel form of experimentally-induced conflict behavior based on the conditioned suppression of drinking (CSD) is described and compared with two conventional animal models of human anxiety--a modified Geller-Seifter and an Estes-Skinner (Conditioned Emotional Response) procedure. The CSD procedure offered significan...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427112
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pavlovian conditioning with a discrete reward-predictive visual cue can elicit two classes of behaviors: "sign-tracking" (approach toward and contact with the cue) and "goal-tracking" (approach toward the site of reward delivery). Sign-tracking has been proposed to be linked to behavioral disorders involving ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1353-y
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risperidone, a new antipsychotic agent, was studied for its effects on spontaneous motor activity in rats in comparison with haloperidol. Motor activity was recorded via the optical scanning technique (horizontal and vertical activity) and via a recently developed technique based on the piezo-electric principle which,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00172961
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The cholinergic system is linked extensively to memory, but its exact role remains controversial. In particular, scopolamine-induced impairment in rodents is not task specific, which may be due to difficulty in developing rodent protocols to assess deficits in recent memory, in which the remembered event is b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1777-y
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The novel dopamine autoreceptor antagonists (-)-DS 121 and (+)-UH 232 were tested for their ability to alter cocaine self-administration behavior in rats reinforced on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. (-)-DS 121 (15 mg/kg) and (+)-UH 232 (30 mg/kg) produced significant decreases in breaking point. (-)-DS 121 produce...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246149
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychopharmacological studies using caffeinated beverages or caffeine have rarely considered temporal effects on psychological and physiological function or the specific contribution of caffeine, hot water, or beverage type to the observed effects. The effect of 400 ml hot tea, coffee, and water consumption on systoli...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050438
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The problem of the advantage of using nortriptyline (NT) plasma level during treatment for endogenous depression has been approached. In an ordinary psychiatric department, 34 patients had their NT level checked the second week of treatment and their dosage subsequently adjusted, if it was outside the recommended ther...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428027
更新日期:1978-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Stimulation of central beta(2) adrenergic receptors produces antidepressant-like effects on behavior. At present, it is not known what brain sites are involved in mediating such effects, although some recent evidence suggests the importance of the dorsal hippocampus. OBJECTIVE:Experiments were carried out to...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1512-0
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:During the last few decades, alcohol use disorders (AUD) have reached an epidemic prevalence, yet social influences on alcoholism have not been fully addressed. Several factors can modulate alcohol intake. On one hand, stress can reinforce ethanol-induced behaviors and be an important component in AUD and alc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05408-8
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of caffeine (1-100 mg/kg, IP), (-)N-((R)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-adenosine (PIA) (0.01-1 mg/kg, IP), and of the two drugs in combination were studied in mice responding under a mult FR30 FI600 s schedule of food presentation. The lowest dose of caffeine, 1 mg/kg, had no effect on responding under either co...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432506
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine neuroblastoma cells (clone N1E-115) possess both high- and low-affinity muscarinic receptors. The low-affinity muscarinic receptor, when stimulated, initiates the formation of cyclic GMP by activating the enzyme guanylate cyclase; whereas stimulation of the high-affinity receptor inhibits prostaglanding E1-medi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427901
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:While reserpine-induced oral movements (OM), an animal model of tardive dyskinesia, are more persistent in old than in adult rats, old animals present spontaneous OM, which are phenomenologically similar to those presented by reserpine-treated adult rats. We postulate that these OM may be the result of oxidat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1081-7
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:In patients, ketamine is a fast-acting antidepressant that can induce long-lasting symptom relief. Similar rapid effects have been reported in rodents, but reports of lasting effects are limited. OBJECTIVES:We sought to extend past findings by examining dose-response curves that overlap with the individual d...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2169-8
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A technique is described for studying exploratory as well as stereotyped behaviour in rats using an automated hole-board. Both visual and automated recordings can be employed using the technique. Hole dipping is monitored automatically using an infra-red detector system. Repetitive patterns of hole-dipping are used as...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426711
更新日期:1977-05-09 00:00:00