Abstract：
RATIONALE:Pavlovian conditioning with a discrete reward-predictive visual cue can elicit two classes of behaviors: "sign-tracking" (approach toward and contact with the cue) and "goal-tracking" (approach toward the site of reward delivery). Sign-tracking has been proposed to be linked to behavioral disorders involving compulsive reward-seeking, such as addiction. Prior exposure to psychostimulant drugs of abuse can facilitate reward-seeking behaviors through enhancements in incentive salience attribution. Thus, it was predicted that a sensitizing regimen of amphetamine exposure would increase sign-tracking behavior. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of these experiments was to determine how a regimen of exposure to amphetamine affects subsequent sign-tracking behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Male Long-Evans rats were given daily injections of d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days, then given a 7-day drug-free period followed by testing in a Pavlovian conditioning task. In experiment 1, rats were presented with a visual cue (simultaneous illumination of a light and extension of a lever) located either to the left or right of a centrally located food trough. One cue (CS+) was always followed by food delivery, whereas the other (CS-) was not. In experiment 2, rats were tested in a nondiscriminative (CS+ only) version of the task. RESULTS:In both experiments, amphetamine-exposed rats showed less sign-tracking and more goal-tracking compared to saline controls. CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to predictions, prior amphetamine exposure decreased sign-tracking and increased goal-tracking behavior. However, these results do support the hypothesis that psychostimulant exposure and incentive sensitization enhance behavior directed toward reward-proximal cues at the expense of reward-distal cues.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Simon NW,Mendez IA,Setlow Bdoi
10.1007/s00213-008-1353-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
699-709issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
202pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE:More than two decades ago, Wise proposed his "anhedonia hypothesis" to explain the role of dopamine in motivated behaviors. The hypothesis posits that dopamine mediates the pleasure experienced by reward obtainment. However, some experimental findings have contested this hypothesis and several ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0521-1
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Changes in serotonin(1B) (5-HT(1B)) receptor function appear to modify the reinforcing properties of cocaine, but the direction of this effect is not completely clear. Pharmacological stimulation of 5-HT(1B) enhanced the rewarding properties of self-administered cocaine while attenuating the threshold-reducin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-002-1145-8
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food intake of four adult male baboons (Papio c. anubis) was monitored during daily experimental sessions lasting 22 h. Food was available under a two-component operant schedule. Following completion of the first "procurement component" response requirement, access to food, i.e., a meal, became available under the sec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439545
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg). Metenkephalin (40 microgram...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00470593
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cocaine (COC), ethanol (EtOH), and methamphetamine (MA) are widely abused substances and share the ability to induce behavioral stimulation in mice and humans. Understanding the biological basis of behavioral stimulation to COC, EtOH, and MA may provide a greater understanding of drug and alcohol abuse. OBJE...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0969-7
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metergoline given IP reduced the response to noxious stimulation in the mouse formalin test. Tolerance to this effect developed after a chronic treatment schedule consisting of ten daily injections of 5 mg/kg. Twenty four hours after the last injection a test dose of metergoline (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the licking time in...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02439580
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma fluphenazine levels and plasma total neuroleptic activity (as quantitated by the neuroleptic receptor binding assay) were related to therapeutic response in 15 DSM-III schizophrenic patients who received a predetermined, fixed dose of fluphenazine for 14 days. Mean neuroleptic activity of the plasma was 84% gre...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00181256
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia is a widely used pain model in rodents. However, characteristics of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and effects of analgesic drugs under these conditions are unknown in nonhuman primates. OBJECTIVE:The aims of this study were to develop carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in rh...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3341-0
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anxiolytic activity of diazepam (DZP) (0.25-1 mg/kg) was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic adult Charles Foster albino rats of either sex. Diabetes was induced by injecting STZ IP (50 mg/kg; in citrate buffer, pH 4.5). Experiments were performed 72 h later. The rats were subjected to various an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050523
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol drinking may lead to increased aggression in certain individuals, and both fighting and drinking increase levels of dopamine and serotonin in mesocorticolimbic structures. Assessing the dynamic changes in these neurotransmitters during the course of drinking and fighting has remained challenging. OB...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0637-3
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various dopamine receptor antagonists have divergent clinical and neurochemical properties. The relative ability of anticholinergics (benztropine and scopolamine) to reverse these drugs was assessed in squirrel monkeys and rats performing a Sidman avoidance task. In monkeys, benztropine markedly attenuated the effects...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432433
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Clinical data with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients recently stimulated interest on the potential therapeutic use of psychedelics in disorders characterized by maladaptive memories, including substance use disorders (SUD). The rationale for the use of ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4793-4
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:An acute challenge with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can induce psychotic symptoms including delusions. High electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies, above 20 Hz, have previously been implicated in psychosis and schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of intrav...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3684-1
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Threatening social stimuli were used in this study as aversive conditions to test anxiety in lactating female mice. The odors of potential infanticidal males or the "stress odor" left by restrained mice represented two aversive conditions that have been suggested to modulate the time spent by the mothers to r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051120
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Nicotine improves cognitive function in a number of animal models including rats, mice, monkeys, and recently, zebrafish. The zebrafish model allows higher throughput and ease in discovering mechanisms of cognitive improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS:To further characterize the neural bases of nicotine effect...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1287-4
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin receptors of the 5HT2 type were labeled on platelet membranes using tritiated ketanserin. Blood was collected from the umbilical cord of newborns and venous samples were collected from 6-year-old children as well as junior-high and high school students (ages 13 through 18) to determine age-related changes in...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245309
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of ethanol have been studied in three strains of mice (DBA 2J, albino, and C57 BL/6J) having different populations of opiate receptors. Acute ethanol treatment induces a significant increase in striatal dopamine metabolism only in the mouse strains (C57 and albino) that are rich in enkephalinergic receptor...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427106
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:It has been proposed that cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists might be effective for smoking cessation. We evaluated this hypothesis with the cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist taranabant. METHODS:Adults who smoked > or =10 cigarettes a day for >1 year and had an expired CO level of > or =10 ppm part...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-1790-2
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The endogenous oxytocin system has emerged as an inhibitor of drug-seeking and stress in preclinical models. OBJECTIVES:The goal of this study was to examine whether systemic oxytocin administration attenuated methamphetamine (METH)-seeking in rats pre-exposed to a predator odor threat. METHODS:In Experimen...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-015-4184-7
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of trycyclic antidepressants followed by reserpine-like drugs elicits a pattern of stereotyped locomotor activity. Using desmethylimipramine (DMI) followed by tetrabenazine (TBZ), activity could be reliably elicited only in young rats, and only by using very high doses of TBZ. The latency of onset o...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00426790
更新日期：1978-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and recent clinical reports suggest that some glutamate modulating agents are efficacious in the treatment of this disorder. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a readily available amino acid...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0246-6
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tardive dyskinesia has been hypothesized to be caused by a neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity in the nigrostriatal system. This study evaluated with dopamine antagonists the possibility that such dopamine hypersensitivity extends to the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) system, which regulates, by inhibiti...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00428314
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic oral administration of cannabis extract to rats (daily delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose 20 mg/kg) was examined in three experiments for its residual effect on radial-arm maze learning following a 1-month drug-free period. Learning a simple eight-arm maze was significantly impaired in rats treated for either 6...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431932
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both muscarinic antagonists, such as scopolamine, and benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) agonists, such as diazepam, produce a reliable impairment in the performance of one trial passive avoidance. Such deficits are frequently interpreted as drug-induced amnesia. However, these deficits could also result from a learning im...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245247
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lithium elicits opposite effects on two behavioural syndromes in rats: enhancement of the 5-HT1A-linked serotonin syndrome and attenuation of the 5-HT2-linked wet dog shakes. The ability of intracerebroventricular (ICV) myo-inositol or forskolin to reverse the enhancement of the serotonin syndrome by lithium was teste...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245842
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was conducted to determine whether methadone maintenance alters the pharmacodynamic effects of single doses of cocaine. Twenty-two current users of IV cocaine who were not seeking treatment for their illicit cocaine use participated while living on a research unit. Eleven were maintained on methadone...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02246276
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Multiple low doses of cocaine (COC) may cause intermittent vasoconstriction and reperfusion, leading to elevations in damaging reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl free radicals (*OH). Salicylate may offer protection because it reacts with *OH and/or because of its anti-inflammatory actions. OBJECTIVE:T...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130100726
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh-R) agonists such as (-)-nicotine and related compounds on brain monoamine turnover. A single administration of (-)-nicotine (0.04, 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg SC) increased both noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) turnover ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050184
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, evidence has emerged showing that the behavioural and hormonal features of fear extinction are altered as a result of reproductive experience in both rats and humans. The current set of experiments sought to determine whether reproductive experience also alters the molecular features of fear extinction. In a...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-4956-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The administration of large doses of probenecid has been used to study the central nervous system metabolism of catecholamines and indoleamines in patients with affective disease. It has been reported that alterations of the binding of L-tryptophan to plasma albumin binding sites occur during probenecid administration...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00492369
更新日期：1977-08-16 00:00:00
