Abstract:
:The increasing interest in subjective well-being and quality of life of schizophrenic patients represents a conceptual shift in therapeutic outcome criteria. Symptom reduction alone was the most essential outcome parameter for a long time; with the development of atypical antipsychotics more ambitious success criteria, including the patients' perspective, are considered today. While effects on (positive) psychopathology do not differ markedly between typical and atypical antipsychotics, the lack of motor symptoms, the improvement of negative, affective and cognitive symptoms, and particularly the better subjective well-being as well as quality of life are major advantages for the new antipsychotic drugs. Quality of life assessment is a new methodological approach to differentiate therapeutic effects and to give more consideration to the patient's perspective. A number of disease-specific or generic scales have been used to measure quality of life of schizophrenic patients under neuroleptic treatment. There is strong evidence by seven controlled and eight open trials that in comparison to typical neuroleptics, atypicals increase the quality of life significantly, and the difference is of major clinical relevance in many patients. This review describes the development of quality of life research in schizophrenic patients, and summarises the methodological problems and the numerous clinical trials. Furthermore, the benefit of introducing atypical antipsychotics early in the course of illness and their particular benefit in combination with rehabilitative non-pharmacological treatment is discussed.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Karow A,Naber Ddoi
10.1007/s00213-002-1052-zsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
3-10issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The present study compared cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion and cocaine i.v. self-administration in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice. In the locomotor activity experiment, these strains were tested for hyperlocomotion after i.p. cocaine injection (0-60.0 mg/kg), using a Digiscan Animal Activity Monitoring System. In the cocain...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050648
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Impulsive behavior is associated with both alcohol use disorders and a family history of alcoholism (FHA). One operational definition of impulsive behavior is the stop-signal task (SST) which measures the time needed to stop a ballistic hand movement. OBJECTIVE:Employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (f...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3038-4
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are increasingly prescribed during pregnancy. Changes in serotonergic signaling during human fetal development have been associated with changes in brain development and with changes in affective behavior in adulthood. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05556-2
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Development of tolerance to neuroleptic compounds tested in the conditional avoidance model was investigated. Since tolerance may manifest itself by a diminished potency and/or a shortened duration of effect, the complete time course of effect was registered in these experiments. Rats were pretreated approximately 2 w...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426314
更新日期:1976-12-21 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A positive relationship exists between chronic ethanol intoxication experiences and the severity of neural hyperactivity and withdrawal seizures. An important possibility is that withdrawal reactions also influence the motivation to obtain and consume ethanol. OBJECTIVES:To test this hypothesis, the effects ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1380-z
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transdermal nicotine has been shown to relieve nicotine withdrawal and to double smoking cessation rates compared to placebo in clinical trials. A 21 or 22 mg/day dose provides a steady state serum nicotine that is less than obtained from smoking. Limited information is available about higher nicotine patch doses. To ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246542
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels needed for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia remain to be elucidated. We examined 3-year clinical outcomes of patients with schizophrenia who received long-acting injectable risperidone (LAI risperidone) at baseline and investigated their dopamine D2 receptor ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4428-1
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic administration of the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor agonist chlordiazepoxide (CDP) produced tolerance to its motor-impairing effects but little or no tolerance to its hypothermic effects or to its amnesic effects in the radial arm maze. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for 14 days with CDP (25 mg/kg, b....
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244749
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Convulsions associated with cocaine toxicity are a serious aspect of cocaine-related emergency room incidents. Seizures can result from a single high dose of cocaine, and evidence is accumulating that correlates repetitive administration of sub-convulsive doses of cocaine with a decreased seizure threshold, a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050027
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several theories propose alternative explanations for drug addiction. OBJECTIVES:We propose a general theory of transition to addiction that synthesizes knowledge generated in the field of addiction into a unitary explanatory frame. MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY:Transition to addiction results from a sequ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3224-4
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under the fixed-consecutive-number schedule (FCN), pigeons were reinforced for responding eight or more times on one response key (work key), and then responding once on a second response key. In one component of this schedule, an external stimulus signalled the completion of the response requirement on the work key (...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174698
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A recent report described sex differences in the effects of nicotine use and withdrawal on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI), but no sex differences in PPI in non-smokers. OBJECTIVE:To determine whether previously reported male>female acoustic PPI reflect sex differences in smoking effects on PPI...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051111
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Animal models aimed to mimic mania have in common the lack of genuine affective parameters. Although rodent amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion is a frequently used behavioral model of mania, locomotor activity is a rather unspecific target for developing new pharmacological therapies, and does not necessaril...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3413-1
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:During the course of our investigation of antalarmin, a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) antagonist, in rhesus monkeys, we noticed that large, intravenous doses of antalarmin resulted in behavioral changes that resembled intoxication. OBJECTIVES:Antalarmin was evaluated in rhesus monkeys for its reinfor...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1187-y
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is a severe, persistent, and fairly common mental illness. Haloperidol is widely used and is effective against the symptoms of psychosis seen in schizophrenia. Chronic oral haloperidol administration decreased the number of astrocytes in the parietal cortex of macaque monkeys (Konopaske et al., ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3136-3
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonergic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and in the neuropharmacology of antidepressant treatment. One measure of central serotonergic function is the prolactin (PRL) response to IV L-tryptophan (L-TRP). We used the L-TRP test to assess the role of serotonin in the mechanism of...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245291
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted in order to investigate the level of amitriptyline (AT) and its metabolites. Three separate experiments were carried out. In two of these experiments, rats were treated over 7 days with IP doses of AT (10 mg/kg in experiment A and 2 X 20 mg/kg in experiment C). The rats were sacrificed either ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431455
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lu 25-109 [5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methylpyridine] , has M agonistic and M2/M3 antagonistic effects at muscarinic receptors in vitro; a pharmacological profile that may be beneficial in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we compare functional in vivo effects of Lu 25-109 ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050615
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Developmental lead exposure may alter responsiveness to cocaine well into adulthood, and ultimately influence drug-use patterns. OBJECTIVES:The present study examined the effect of perinatal lead exposure on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. METHODS:Female rats were treated with 0, 8, or 16...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100877
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time course of light adaptation after intense light exposure is significantly delayed by alcohol, marijuana, and a combined dose of alcohol and marijuana. These effects were found in a double blind experiment, using 10 subjects. The experimental treatments were placebo, 0.75 ml/kg of 95% ethanol, 8 and 15 mg of de...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00571413
更新日期:1978-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Greater incidence of anxiety and depressive disorders of women compared to men may be due in part to progesterone (P) and its neuroactive metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP), acting in limbic regions, such as the amygdala. OBJECTIVE:If P's metabolism via 5alpha-reduction to 3alpha...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0100-x
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rolipram, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) produces discriminative stimulus effects in rats. These effects may be related to a wide range of central nervous system effects described previously. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of the present study were to: (i) assess the specificity of the discrimin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100878
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, phenobarbitone sodium (30 mg/kg) reliably enhanced water consumption and extended the duration of drinking in 24h water-deprived male rats. The opiate receptor antagonists naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg) both decreased water intake and reduced the duration of drinking. When th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433011
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Lithium is the most widely prescribed mood stabilizer, but the precise mechanism of lithium is unresolved. OBJECTIVE:We examine the effects of the administration of therapeutically relevant concentrations of lithium on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, Trk B, as wel...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100871
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::After learning a light-cued, go-no go successive discrimination to criterion, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide on six performance sessions, followed by two drug-recovery (saline) sessions. Chlordiazepoxide impaired discrimination performance in a dose-dependent manner, with animals ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00652237
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Temporal differentiation of operant behaviour is sensitive to dopaminergic manipulations. Studies using the fixed-interval peak procedure implicated D2 dopamine receptors in these effects. Less is known about the effects of dopaminergic manipulations on temporal differentiation in other timing schedules. OBJ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0339-x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Pre-clinical and clinical studies have suggested that the antidepressant efficacy of escitalopram (ESC) can be augmented by co-administration of aripiprazole (ARI). OBJECTIVE:To establish if the effects of ESC + ARI can be altered by modulating the 5-HT1a receptor. METHODS:Sprague-Dawley male rats received ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05225-z
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Responding maintained under progressive ratio (PR) and fixed ratio (FR 160) schedules of IV saline or cocaine (0.01-4.0 mg/kg) injections was studied in baboons. Each injection was followed by a time-out period which was 3-h with the PR schedule and was either 3 or 12 with the FR schedule. On the PR schedule the ratio...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433038
更新日期:1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Receptor mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of clinically used nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists have not been fully established. OBJECTIVE:Drug discrimination was used to compare receptor mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking cessation aids. METHODS:Separate groups of male C57BL/6J...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3037-5
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic treatment of rats with choline caused a decrease in the hypothermic response to pilocarpine. The action of choline on the muscarinic receptors is consistent with electrophysiological and binding studies, supporting a direct muscarinic action for choline. Administration of direct muscarinic agonists has been sh...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427955
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00