Abstract：
:Devices constructed for potential use as invasive bioprobes incorporate a selective receiving site for molecular or ionic recognition, and a transducer which is capable of translating a perturbation of physical chemistry of the determinant-site reaction (interaction) into a usable signal. Four types are envisioned--implants for general hospital use, transient-use probes to replace classical blood tests, short-term implantable probes and the long-term variety. Performance criteria are selectivity, sensitivity, fast response, site-reversible, small, rugged, inexpensive, biocompatible, calibratible, facile use by non-expert personnel and ease of telemetry. These demands, not surprisingly, create enormous challenges to the sensor specialist. With respect to biocompatibility the sensor must not be involved in infection, clot formation or antigenic response, and, furthermore, protein adsorption, etc., which can affect the sensor response should be avoided. Calibration remains a problem of monumental proportions. Many devices drift from calibrated levels even in in vitro experiments, let alone in the implanted milieu. One solution has been to carry out on-line switching between patient blood and standard solutions. However, this type of approach leaves a lot to be desired with respect to portability. Another method which is attracting increasing attention is the chemometric or artificial intelligence system involving compensation by multi-sensor array configurations. Sensitivity and limit-of-detection have attracted little research due to the overwhelming nature of other difficulties. In the present paper we evaluate a number of these technical problems and discuss the architecture of devices that are currently available. Finally, some thoughts as to priorities for re-directing sensor research in the bioprobe area are presented.
journal_name
Clin Biochemjournal_title
Clinical biochemistryauthors
Thompson M,Vandenberg ETdoi
10.1016/s0009-9120(86)80037-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-10-01 00:00:00pages
255-61issue
5eissn
0009-9120issn
1873-2933pii
S0009-9120(86)80037-6journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:Living kidney donors have been part of a successful kidney transplant programme in Norway for almost 50 years. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) have tended to remain stable at about 70% of pre-donation levels. Plasma total homocysteine (Hcy) has an inverse relationship to kidney function, and previous repor...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.02.003
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The immune-inflammatory system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy; however, many of the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Chitotriosidase enzyme is an active human chitinase and a major protein product of activated macrophages. Although playing an important role in innate and ac...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.11.009
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We sought to investigate whether heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), a new marker of myocardial necrosis, increases in relation to elective cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:We studied 25 consecutive patients (61 ± 16 years old, 21 men) admitted to our hospital for elective card...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.029
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate unusual free thyroxine (FT4) responses to T4 replacement doses in a hypothyroid patient with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH). METHODS:In this FDH hypothyroid patient, serum FT4 concentration by equilibrium dialysis and T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone ...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(95)02016-0
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the serum ratio of holo-ceruloplasmin to total ceruloplasmin in patients with Wilson's disease (WD), we identified apo- and holo-forms of serum ceruloplasmin with native-PAGE electrophoresis. DESIGN AND METHODS:Serum obtained from nine patients with Wilson's disease was subjected to native-PAGE...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicity of carbon monoxide has been recognized for long throughout history and is unquestionably the leading cause of unintentional poisoning deaths in the Western countries. The severity of poisoning is dependent upon environmental and human factor. The leading pathophysiological mechanism resides in the ability...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.06.004
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Modern serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) resolves serum proteins in 6 major fractions, splitting beta (B) into beta1 (B1) and beta2 (B2). Beta-migrating monoclonal immunoglobulins (B-MC) commonly integrate into normal-looking peak shape(s) but may increase the fraction value, forming the basis for reflex t...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.01.021
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether plasma visfatin and binding protein-4 (RBP-4) levels correlate with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN AND METHODS:Two groups were enrolled: Group 1: 40 patients with T2DM and Group 2: 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Both groups were subdivided according...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1148
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cardiac troponins (cTn) are essential in the diagnostic assessment of non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Elevated concentrations of cTnT and cTnI predict cardiovascular events in non-acute settings, but the individual troponin isotype association with long-term mortality in patients...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.12.016
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Knee arthroplasty surgery is significant trauma, leading to an activated immune system causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Many current biomarkers are invasive, costly, and often slow to analyse, limiting their use for rapid inflammatory measurements. OBJECTIVES:We have examined the use of urinary neopt...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.11.002
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to establish the range of chitotriosidase (CT) activity in normal individuals, patients with Gaucher disease (GD) and Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), types A or B. The kinetics of CT in these three groups was also investigated. DESIGN AND METHODS:CT activity, as well as Km, Vmax...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.06.008
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug therapy may produce toxicity. Patient individuality or drug interactions account for many cases of poisoning, but other factors such as genetic predisposition, drug contamination or human error are also known causes. Examples of various types of drug poisoning are given, illustrating the role of the clinical chem...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0009-9120(90)90507-q
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Effects of metamizol and magnesium sulfate on erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity were investigated in in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS:For in vitro studies, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified from human erythrocyte and rats were used for in vivo studies. Enzyme ...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00207-7
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary amylase was estimated by chromogenic (amylochrome Roche) as well as enzymatic methods (SKI and Beckman: substrate starch and substrate maltotetraose respectively). Random and timed urines (24 hour collections) were analysed. Clearances of amylase gave different results dependent upon the amylase-test used and ...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(79)80125-3
更新日期：1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A procedure for the assay of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) in erythrocytes on the GEMSAEC centrifugal analyzer using a modification of Beutler's procedure is described. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is corrected for the contributing activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1....
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(79)80085-5
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently developed fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) for measuring serum carbamazepine concentration is compared to the established enzyme-multiplied-immunoassay-technique (EMIT). The Accuracy, precision and simplicity of these methods are comparable. The sensitivity of FIA is approximately eight times greater than th...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(82)96854-0
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association between plasma lipids and insulin and variation in the genes for apolipoproteins (APO) E (CfoI), B (insertion/deletion), C1 (HpaI), and C3 (C-482T, C3238G) in a population-based Czech Slavonic study. DESIGN AND METHODS:In 131 men and 154 women, polymorphisms were investigated usi...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00184-9
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of serum 25-hydroxycalciferol (25-OH D) has proved to be a reliable index of the vitamin D nutritional status in man providing the renal 25-hydroxycalciferol-1 alpha-hydroxylase is functional. Since it is known that 25 OHD binds to alpha-globulins for its transport to the kidney, we have developed a co...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(80)90735-3
更新日期：1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Concentrations of troponin measured with high sensitivity troponin assays are raised in a number of emergency department (ED) patients; however many are not diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Clinical comparisons between the early use (2h after presentation) of high sensitivity cardiac troponi...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.019
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The change in DNA methylation patterns can be used to distinguish between normal and cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the 5' CpG island methylation patterns of the cancer-testis antigen (CT antigen) gene family, MAGE-As, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to develop the DNA demet...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.01.014
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Rasburicase (Fasturtec) is used to prevent or treat hyperuricemia associated with chemotherapy. We developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method to measure urinary allantoin, the degradation product of uric acid by rasburicase. DESIGN AND METHODS:Electrophoresis was performed using a P/ACE 5500 system (...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.09.013
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Apolipoprotein E (APOE) E4, apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) Q3611 allele, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) deletion (D) allele and glycoprotein IIIa (GP3A) P33 mutant allele are reported to predispose to early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). These associations were not all confirmed in more recent stud...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00017-x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effect of Matrix metalloproteinase 7 -181A/G polymorphism (rs11568818) on the risk of cancer, we performed a meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS:24 case-control studies were identified by searching Pubmed, Embase, ISI, OVID MEDLINE and EBSCO databases. Odd ratios and corresponding 95% confiden...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.07.015
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During sequential physiologic maturation of an individual follicle, the number of granulosa cells increases in excess of 1000-fold, while intra-ovarian concentrations of sex steroids escalate by 100-fold. The recent development of several in vitro ovarian systems has permitted a more extensive and direct assessment of...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(81)90976-0
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In hepatobiliary disease, the level of bile acids in the peripheral circulation is greatly increased due to impaired liver function. It has been suggested that serum bile acids are of greater value in confirming hepatobiliary dysfunction than the currently assayed conventional biochemical parameters. Fifty patients wi...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(81)91052-3
更新日期：1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The liver has tremendous regenerative capacity but can be damaged by toxins, such as ethanol (EtOH). It has long been known that EtOH inhibits liver regeneration. Recent work demonstrates that the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor ( (TNF), is required for normal liver regeneration, as well as f...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0009-9120(99)00057-0
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:According to the prevailing theory about the genetic background to lactose intolerance, there are three genotypes but only two adult physiological phenotypes: lactase persistence in individuals with the CT and TT genotypes and lactase non-persistence in individuals with the CC genotype. However, analysis of ...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.11.001
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been linked to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, yet little is know of its natural variation in plasma. We examined this in normal subjects and compared plasma levels and variability in lean subjects and subjects with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS:We esta...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.021
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To test the hypothesis that impaired expression of the thiosulfate sulfurtransferase rhodanese is associated with oxidative stress and may predict mortality in hemodialysis patients. DESIGN AND METHODS:Sixty-two hemodialysis patients were investigated to determine protein and mRNA expression of rhodanese in...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.08.005
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate relationships between apolipoprotein B (Apo B), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDL-C in high-risk patients treated with lipid-lowering therapy. DESIGN AND METHODS:This post-hoc analysis calculated LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels corresponding to an Apo B of 0.9 g/L following treatment with 1) statin...
journal_title：Clinical biochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.02.008
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
