Effects of point-loss punishers on human signal-detection performance.

abstract：:Five rats responded under concurrent fixed-interval variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement. Fixed-interval values ranged from 50-seconds to 300-seconds and variable-ratio values ranged from 30 to 360; a five-second changeover delay was in effect throughout the experiment. The relations between reinforcement ra...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rider DP

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative analysis permits the isolation of invariant relations in the study of behavior. The parameters of these relations can serve as higher-order dependent variables in more extensive analyses. These points are illustrated by reference to quantitative descriptions of performance maintained by concurrent schedul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Implicit learning involves picking up information from the environment without explicit instruction or conscious awareness of the learning process. In nonhuman animals, conscious awareness is impossible to assess, so we define implicit learning as occurring when animals acquire information beyond what is required for ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Drucker CB,Baghdoyan T,Brannon EM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Auto-shaping the pigeon's key-peck response was examined as a respondent conditioning procedure with the use of Rescorla's truly-random control procedure. In the first experiment, pigeons received presentations of brief light on the response key and brief presentations of food where the light and the food were indepen...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bilbrey J,Winokur S

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the attention given John B. Watson during the century since he introduced behaviorism, there remain questions about what he really contributed. He is still appropriately criticized for his arrogant self-promotion and especially for his perceived emphasis on a simple S-R reflexology. However, we argue that the ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Malone JC,García-Penagos A

更新日期：2014-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rhesus monkeys responding under a three-component multiple schedule were administered haloperidol to determine its effects on cocaine self-administration and on cocaine's disruptive effects on the repeated acquisition and performance of response chains. In the absence of haloperidol, 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/infusion of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Winsauer PJ,Moerschbaecher JM,Roussell AM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-Evans rats were exposed to a succession of conditioned-suppression procedures involving pairings of (1) signal-shock, (2) shock-signal, and (3) a signal-shock-signal sequence in which first and second signals were at first physically identical. Traditional suppression of food-reinforced responding was obtained un...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davis H,Memmott J,Hurwitz HM

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schaal DW,McDonald MP,Miller MA,Reilly MP

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naive rats were trained to respond on one lever in the presence of noise bursts from one speaker and on a second lever in the presence of noise bursts from a second speaker. The speakers were mounted behind the levers. When responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker was reinforced, control developed with...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine is selectively involved in cocaine reinforcement was investigated in the rat. Animals were trained under a multiple schedule in which responding was reinforced by intravenous cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/injection) or food (45-mg pellets) under fixed-ratio 15 schedule requirements in alt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Caine SB,Koob GF

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three rats were exposed to a multiple schedule in which separate presentations of light and tone alternated with periods during which light and tone were absent. In Phase 1, light and tone each signalled identical variable-interval schedules of food delivery. In Phase 2, light and tone signalled separate but concurren...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wiltz RA

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven rats responding under fixed-ratio or variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement had continuous access to a drinking tube inserted into the operant chamber. Under different conditions they could drink either tap water or one of two saccharin solutions. In a baseline condition, the drinking bottle was empty. P...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Derenne A,Baron A

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a conjoint schedule, reinforcement is available simultaneously on two or more schedules for the same response. The present experiments provided food for key pecking on both a random-interval and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. Experiment 1 involved ordinary DRL schedules; Experiment 2 added...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Blakely TF

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments show that the opportunity to engage in schedule-induced responding is reinforcing. In this experiment, the reinforcing strength of schedule-induced drinking was measured. Four rats were trained on a concurrent-chain schedule. The two terminal links provided food pellets on identical fixed-time sch...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Heyman GM,Bouzas A

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments demonstrated the pigeon's sensitivity to ultraviolet light. In Experiment I, pigeons' responses were reinforced on a multiple schedule with a variable-interval reinforcement schedule in one component and extinction in the other component. Response rates were quite different in the two components where ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The joint control of rate of key pecking in pigeons by stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relationships was studied in the context of a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Food presentation was always associated with one component and extinction with the other. The stimulus-reinforcer relationsh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woodruff G,Conner N,Gamzu E,Williams DR

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. In Experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. In Experiment 2, food...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM,Willson RJ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six experiments were performed to explore the necessary and sufficient conditions for producing context specificity of discriminative operant performance in pigeons. In Experiment 1, pigeons learned a successive discrimination (red S+/blue S-) in two chambers that had a particular odor present and between which they w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Thomas DR,Empedocles S,Morrison SK,Bing MN

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a Wyckoff observing response procedure in which key responses were reinforced on a mixed schedule consisting of fixed-interval and extinction components. In Experiment 1, stepping on a pedal (a) converted the mixed schedule to a multiple schedule, (b) replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hirota TT

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments were designed to assess whether depriving rats of food would increase the reinforcement effectiveness of wheel running (Experiment 1) and whether satiation for wheel running would decrease the reinforcement effectiveness of food (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a progressive-ratio schedule was used to ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pierce WD,Epling WF,Boer DP

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female college students answered standard questions about the women's liberation movement on three occasions. A set of target words was embedded in the questions, with one set used in Sessions 1 and 3, and a synonymous, but different set used in Session 2. The relative frequencies of usage of a given target w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Boe R,Winokur S

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of discrimination and avoidance training on the skin resistance response were studied in eight humans. Responses occurring during one stimulus delayed the interruption of music for 30 sec; responses during a second stimulus either had no effect or interrupted the music for 15 sec. The results showed stimul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Greene WA,Sutor LT

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Head orientation during auditory discriminations was studies in squirrel monkeys using a two-lever trial-by-trial procedure. Animals were studied using auditory discriminations based on the position of the sound and on the spectral content differences between a pure tone and a noise. After the percentage of correct re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM,Briggs RM

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman animals show evidence for three types of concept learning: perceptual or similarity-based in which objects/stimuli are categorized based on physical similarity; relational in which one object/stimulus is categorized relative to another (e.g., same/different); and associative in which arbitrary stimuli become ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Wasserman EA,Urcuioli PJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons pecked a key and rats pressed a lever for food reinforcement under large values of the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule. Each subject was tested under 10 different schedule values ranging from 1 to 45 min and was exposed to each schedule value at least twice. The mean interresponse time and mean...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Richardson WK,Loughead TE

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classic matching theory, which is based on Herrnstein's (1961) original matching equation and includes the well-known quantitative law of effect, is almost certainly false. The theory is logically inconsistent with known experimental findings, and experiments have shown that its central constant-k assumption is not te...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral pharmacology has become increasingly independent of the experimental analysis of behavior. At its beginning, behavioral pharmacology was closely related to the experimental analysis of behavior, with developments in each field aiding the other. Early attempts to systematize data in behavioral pharmacology c...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Branch MN

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00