Abstract:
:Three rats were exposed to a multiple schedule in which separate presentations of light and tone alternated with periods during which light and tone were absent. In Phase 1, light and tone each signalled identical variable-interval schedules of food delivery. In Phase 2, light and tone signalled separate but concurrent variable-interval schedules of food and shock delivery. In both phases, the absence of light and tone was associated with the differential reinforcement of other behavior. Test presentations of light, tone, and a light-plus-tone combination indicated that in both phases, light-plus-tone controlled higher response rates than either light or tone alone. The combination continued to control enhanced responding even when the test stimuli signalled variable-interval schedules of food and fixed-ratio schedules of shock. In these latter sessions, enhanced control by the combination increased shock frequency with no corresponding change in food frequency. Apparently, the level of behavior controlled by the absence of two single stimuli may be more important than the consequences of responding in determining the effects of combined-stimulus presentations.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Wiltz RAdoi
10.1901/jeab.1974.22-363subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1974-09-01 00:00:00pages
363-70issue
2eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Altruistic behavior has been defined in economic terms as "…costly acts that confer economic benefits on other individuals" (Fehr & Fischbacher, 2003). In a prisoner's dilemma game, cooperation benefits the group but is costly to the individual (relative to defection), yet a significant number of players choose to coo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1989.52-57
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1984.41-329
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.596
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.93-185
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1969.12-917
更新日期:1969-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.24-291
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-495
更新日期:1967-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-223
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.39-275
更新日期:1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of pigeons were trained on a red-green discrimination in which the stimuli were alternately presented in a multiple schedule of reinforcement. The discrimination was reversed 24 times. Groups were given 1, 2, or 4 hr of training on each discrimination. Increasing the length of training had two principal e...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-345
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resurgence refers to the recurrence of an extinguished target behavior following subsequent suspension of alternative reinforcement. Delivery of reinforcers during extinction of alternative behavior has been shown to mitigate resurgence. The present experiment aimed to determine whether delivering stimuli associated w...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.278
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.17-325
更新日期:1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and s...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-193
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a concurrent-chains procedure, pigeons chose between equivalent mixed and multiple fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. In the first experiment, preference for the multiple schedule was higher when the probability of the shorter fixed interval was less than .50 than for complementary points, an outcome consis...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-3
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study compared relapse after responding was eliminated by extinction or omission training in rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced with food pellets in Context A and then eliminated with either extinction or omission training in Context B. The response was then tested in Contexts A and B in ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.568
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.18-133
更新日期:1972-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.57-417
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-23
更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.196
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.21-485
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental games have previously been used to study principles of human interaction. Many such games are characterized by iterated or repeated designs that model dynamic relationships, including reciprocal cooperation. To enable the study of infinite game repetitions and to avoid endgame effects of lower cooperation...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.320
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three experiments pigeons played (i.e., chose between two colored keys) iterated prisoner's dilemma and other 2 x 2 games (2 participants and 2 options) against response strategies programmed on a computer. Under the prisoner's dilemma pay-off matrix, the birds generally defected (i.e., pecked the color associated ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1995.64-1
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to investigate whether novel stimulus relations would emerge from stimulus correlations when those relations explicitly conflicted with reinforced relations. In a symbolic matching-to-sample task using kanji characters as stimuli, we arranged class-specific incorrect comparison stimuli in each of three classe...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2011.95-327
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous experiments show that the opportunity to engage in schedule-induced responding is reinforcing. In this experiment, the reinforcing strength of schedule-induced drinking was measured. Four rats were trained on a concurrent-chain schedule. The two terminal links provided food pellets on identical fixed-time sch...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-327
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiment I investigated the effects of reinforcer magnitude on differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule performance in three phases. In Phase 1, two groups of rats (n = 6 and 5) responded under a DRI. 72-s schedule with reinforcer magnitudes of either 30 or 300 microl of water. After acquisition, the wa...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2002.78-17
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.19-239
更新日期:1973-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To learn whether prior discrimination training based on one stimulus would block learning about a subsequently added stimulus, rats were first trained to press a bar on a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. Occasional stimuli were presented during which no reinforcement was available. Responding became s...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1969.12-767
更新日期:1969-09-01 00:00:00