Blocking the development of stimulus control when stimuli indicate periods of nonreinforcement.

abstract：:The article discusses two important influences of B. F. Skinner, and later workers in the behavior-analytic tradition, on the study of animal timing. The first influence is methodological, and is traced from the invention of schedules imposing temporal constraints or periodicities on animals in The Behavior of Organis...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lejeune H,Richelle M,Wearden JH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An interresponse time analysis was used to study the effects of variable-ratio punishment schedules on the temporal pattern of reinforced responding. Twelve pigeons responded on a baseline variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. A variable-ratio ten schedule of electric shock punishment was then introduced. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lande SD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new technique was developed to study the repeated acquisition of conditional discriminations. Using a discrete trial procedure, pigeons were required to learn during each session a different two-member chain of conditional discriminations. Key color and geometric forms were used as stimuli. After the pigeons had rea...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Moerschbaecher JM,Boren JJ,Schrot J

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A value-like parameter is introduced into a rate equation for describing variable-interval performance. The equation, derived solely from formal considerations, expresses rate of responding as a joint function of rate of reinforcement and "reinforcer power." Preliminary tests of the rate equation show that it handles ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Kessel R

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the rate of reinforcement for pigeons' key pecking varied over time following a sine waveform, performances were more consistent and reliable if a constant-rate reinforcement schedule was concurrently available on a second key than if only the sinewave-varying reinforcement schedule was available. In the two-key ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Johnson DF,Wheeler HP

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in assessment methodology have resulted in a highly efficient procedure for obtaining delay discounting rates for adults: a 5-trial adjusting delay task (ADT-5) examining intertemporal choice for hypothetical rewards. The low participant burden of this task makes it potentially useful for children, wit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Miller JR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characteristic patterns of conditioned key-pressing were maintained in the chimpanzee under a multiple 30-response fixed-ratio, 10-minute fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Adjunctive drinking occurred with regularity during the fixed-interval schedule and, with less frequency, during 1-minute timeout perio...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Byrd LD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained to detect differences in light intensity. Two stimuli, S1 and S2, differing in intensity, were arranged on the center key of a three-key chamber according to set probabilities. A peck on the center key turned on the two side keys. When S1 was presented on the center key, a peck on the left ke...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McCarthy D,Davison M

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The learning efficiency of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was evaluated using auditory discrimination learning-set tasks. Efficiency, as measured by the probability of a correct response on Trial 2 of a new discrete-trial, two-choice auditory discrimination problem, reached levels comparable to those attained by advan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herman LM,Arbeit WR

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing behavior of two squirrel monkeys was examined under a multiple schedule of four components. Lever (observing) responses produced either a stimulus indicating the availability of food or another stimulus indicating food was not available. Key responses in the presence of the food-available stimulus produced f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Lorge JO,Clark FC

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squirrel monkeys were provided with a chain-pulling response which produced an inanimate object that could be attacked. In the absence of pain-shock, little or no chain-pulling occurred. When pain-shocks were delivered, chain-pulling responses increased. The chain-pulling response was successively reinforced, extingui...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HUTCHINSON RR,MCLAUGHLIN R

更新日期：1965-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding by exclusion, one of the most robust phenomena in Experimental Psychology, describes a particular form of responding observed in symbolic, matching-to-sample tasks. Given two comparison stimuli, one experimentally defined and one experimentally undefined, the participant prefers the undefined comparison fol...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cippola NS,Domeniconi C,Machado A

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hungry rats received food following lever-press durations exceeding a minimum value, which ranged from 0 to 6.4 sec. When no intertrial intervals separated successive presses, modal press durations remained at very short values as the minimum value required for food was increased. This was particularly true immediatel...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Platt JR,Kuch DO,Bitgood SC

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escape responses of squirrel monkeys were reinforced according to a fixed-ratio schedule. The reinforcement was a period of safety from a stimulus that signalled the delivery of intermittent pain-shocks. When the frequency of shock was gradually reduced, the performance remained at a high level until the shocks were q...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HOLZ WC,HAKE DF,AYLLON T

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A procedure is described for establishing an operant response in goats. The operanda are two lucite panels which can be transilluminated. The goats press the panels with their muzzles and are reinforced with whole oats. All six subjects showed reliable and accurate performance in brightness discrimination, including c...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WENZEL BM,BALDWIN BA,TSCHIRGI RD

更新日期：1964-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons acquired a different four-response chain each session by responding sequentially on three keys in the presence of four colors. The response chain was maintained by food presentation under a fixed-ratio schedule. When d-amphetamine was administered alone, the overall response rate decreased and the percent erro...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Thompson DM

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When interreinforcement intervals were equated, pigeons demonstrated little or no preference between reinforcement after a delay interval and reinforcement presented on a fixed-interval schedule. The small preferences sometimes found for the fixed interval (a) were considerably smaller than when the delay and fixed in...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Neuringer AJ

更新日期：1969-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recurrence of negatively reinforced responding of humans was studied in three experiments. In each experiment during Baseline, key-pressing produced 3-s timeouts from a requirement to exert finger pressure on a force cell according to variable- or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, resurgence...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Alessandri J,Lattal KA,Cançado CR

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of discrimination and avoidance training on the skin resistance response were studied in eight humans. Responses occurring during one stimulus delayed the interruption of music for 30 sec; responses during a second stimulus either had no effect or interrupted the music for 15 sec. The results showed stimul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Greene WA,Sutor LT

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons' responses in the presence of two concurrently available (initial-link) stimuli produced one of two different (terminal-link) stimuli according to identical but independent variable-interval schedules. Responses in the presence of each terminal-link stimulus produced equal frequencies of food reinforcement, bu...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E

更新日期：1968-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a foraging schedule characterized by three different states, beginning with a search state in which completion of a variable interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept or reject the sch...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ito M,Fantino E

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which two different travel times between alternatives, 4.5 and 0.5 s, were randomly arranged. In Part 1, the next travel time was signaled while the subjects were responding on each alternative. Generalized matching analyses of performance in the pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,Elliffe D

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A paradigm for the control of visual fixation of the macaque monkey in vision experiments was described. Using a Maxwellian view, the procedure permits the placement of discrete test-light stimuli in a specific area of the retina as the monkey fixates a primary target. This procedure holds foveal fixation as other beh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Crawford ML

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetries) are cues to fitness differences in some animals. Therefore, researchers have considered whether animals use these small asymmetries as visual cues to determine appropriate behavioral responses (e.g., mate preferences). However, there have been few syst...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Swaddle JP,Johnson CW

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may enhance short-term memory. Some of this evidence comes from nonhuman primate research using a procedure called delayed matching-to-sample, wherein the monkey is trained to select a comparison stimulus that matches some physical property of a previously presented sample stim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kangas BD,Branch MN

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were presented with multiple schedules of alternating 90-sec components. When components in which grain was never presented alternated with components in which grain was presented on a variable-interval schedule, the average rate of responding in the variable-interval components increased, showing overall posi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Buck SL,Rothstein B,Williams BA

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a neutral cue is followed by a significant event such as food delivery, some animals become engaged with the cue itself and acquire cue-directed behaviors. One type of cue-directed behavior is observed following insertion of a lever used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Rats showing robust approach behavior to the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Olshavsky ME,Shumake J,Rosenthal AA,Kaddour-Djebbar A,Gonzalez-Lima F,Setlow B,Lee HJ

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule which provided equally frequent reinforcement in the presence of two stimuli but which produced markedly different rates of key-pecking. Generalization gradients were displaced away from the stimulus associated with the lower rate of key-pecking. Another group of pigeons had...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Yarczower M,Gollub LR,Dickson JF

更新日期：1968-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following pretraining with everyday objects, 10 children aged from 1 to 4 years were given common vocal tact training with a set of three pairs of arbitrary stimuli of differing shapes; Set 1. Nine children learned to tact one stimulus as "zog" and the other as "vek" in each pair, and all passed subsequent pairwise te...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lowe CF,Horne PJ,Hughes JC

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in 9 volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. A series of five experiments was undertaken to characterize adlibitum coffee consumption and to investigate the effects of manipulating coffee concentration, caffeine dose per cup, and caff...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Griffiths RR,Bigelow GE,Liebson IA,O'Keeffe M,O'Leary D,Russ N

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00