Stimulus control and auditory discrimination learning sets in the bottlenose dolphin.

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to four cycles per session of a multiple schedule in which each cycle involved twelve 60-sec fixed intervals followed by four 180-sec intervals [(12 FI 60-sec)(4 FI 180-sec) schedule]. Post-reinforcement pauses were shorter during the first few short intervals of each cycle than during later short...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Staddon JE

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of rats trained on multiple variable-interval schedules was examined before, during, and after punishment. The same linear function related relative response rates to relative density of reinforcement both in the presence and absence of punishment. Equal relative suppression was seen in both the high a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Tullis C,Walters G

更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reinforcement-switching procedure was used to produce negatively reinforced key pecking in pigeons. First, key pecking on a chain schedule (fixed-interval 10-sec variable-interval 60-sec) was conditioned using grain reinforcement. Second, intermittent shock in the initial link was introduced at a low intensity and g...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lewis P,Lewin L,Stoyak M,Muehleisen P

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to examine pigeons' postponement of signaled extinction periods (timeouts) from a schedule of food reinforcement when such responding neither decreased overall timeout frequency nor increased the overall frequency of food reinforcement. A discrete-trial procedure was used in which a re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pietras CJ,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to peck a key under a free-operant avoidance schedule. Then, changes in key color signalled the beginning (safe period) and the end (warning period) of the response-shock interval, with a response required to change the key color. Finally, a change in key color signalled the warning period and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Moraes AB,Todorov JC

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison was made of two methods for training monkeys to "observe" a two-member serial position sequence by pressing two consecutively lighted keys and then to "report" the sequence by pressing the same two keys in the same order but without the lights. A fading technique involving gradual elimination of brightness ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mackay HA,Brown SM

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The control exerted by a stimulus associated with an extinction component (S-) on observing responses was determined as a function of its temporal relation with the onset of the reinforcement component. Lever pressing by rats was reinforced on a mixed random-interval extinction schedule. Each press on a second lever p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Escobar R,Bruner CA

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck keys on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement. Both schedules produced a pattern of behavior characterized as pause and run, but the relation of pausing to time between reinforcers differed for the two schedules even when mean time between reinforcers was the same....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Capehart GW,Eckerman DA,Guilkey M,Shull RL

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fighting responses were elicited in pairs of rats by shocks over a period of 46 days. During certain blocks of these days, "punishing" shocks were made contingent on the shock-elicited fights. Fighting frequency was reduced as a direct function of the intensity of the contingent shocks. Fighting frequency recovered co...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Roberts CL,Blase K

更新日期：1971-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons produced a stimulus change either by responding or by not responding for a specified time period (by pausing). They then had to choose between two responses to obtain food. One choice was correct if the first component had been completed by a response; the other was correct if the component had been completed ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Solano JM

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons worked on concurrent variable-interval, variable-interval schedules with the alternatives signaled by slides either containing trees or not. The schedules were designed to hold both overall and relative rates of reinforcement within narrowly constrained limits, and slides were quasi-randomly ordered each day. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan W,Herrnstein RJ

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral effects of various schedules of electric shock presentation were investigated during and after the imprinting of Peking ducklings to moving stimuli. The behavior of following a moving imprinted stimulus was differentially controlled by a multiple schedule of punishment and avoidance that respectively su...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Barrett JE

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons pecked a key under two-component multiple variable-ratio schedules that offered 8-s or 2-s access to grain. Phase 1 assessed the effects of differences in reinforcer magnitude on postreinforcement pausing, as a function of ratio size. In Phase 2, postreinforcement pausing and the first five interresponse times...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Blakely E,Schlinger H

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects lived in a laboratory apartment for up to 30 days, engaging in ordinary activities such as reading, sewing, and artwork. The amount of time devoted to each activity was recorded and compared with periodic verbal ratings of the amount of time devoted to the activities. The verbal and observational assessments ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bernstein DJ,Michael RL

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If a response key is regularly illuminated for several seconds before food is presented, pigeons will peck it after a moderate number of pairings; this "auto-shaping" procedure of Brown and Jenkins (1968) was explored further in the present series of four experiments. The first showed that pecking was maintained even ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams DR,Williams H

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study employed a stimulus-class rating procedure to explore whether stimulus equivalence and stimulus generalization can combine to promote the formation of open-ended categories incorporating cross-modal stimuli. A pretest of simple auditory discrimination indicated that subjects (college students) could discrim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lane SD,Clow JK,Innis A,Critchfield TS

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a Wyckoff observing response procedure in which key responses were reinforced on a mixed schedule consisting of fixed-interval and extinction components. In Experiment 1, stepping on a pedal (a) converted the mixed schedule to a multiple schedule, (b) replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hirota TT

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioned suppression was demonstrated in two experiments with rats lever pressing on a fixed-ration 1 schedule for lateral hypothalamic intracranaial stimulation (ICS)'n Experiment I, conditioned suppression of responding for low-intensity ICS was obtained with a moderate intensity of foot shock, In Experiment II, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Russell PJ

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:College students' presses on a telegraph key occasionally turned on a light in the presence of which button presses produced points later exchangeable for money. Initially, responding was maintained by low-rate contingencies superimposed on either random-interval or random-ratio schedules. Later, the low-rate continge...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimoff E,Catania AC,Matthews BA

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following up on articles recently published in this journal, the present contribution tells (some of) "the rest of the story" about the value of randomization in single-case intervention research investigations. Invoking principles of internal, statistical-conclusion, and external validity, we begin by emphasizing the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Levin JR,Kratochwill TR,Ferron JM

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Japanese quail were classically conditioned to display courting behavior at the sound of a buzzer, a previously neutral stimulus. The buzzer (conditioned stimulus) was paired with the presentation of a female quail (unconditioned stimulus) for a number of trials. The courting display, invariably elicited from the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Farris HE

更新日期：1967-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After 25 free-operant avoidance training sessions, a 1-min signal followed by a brief shock was presented on the average of once every 4 min. During the signal, the avoidance schedule was suspended (20 sessions). Response rates during the signal were markedly reduced. Shock rates during non-signalled periods increased...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Roberts AE,Hurwitz HM

更新日期：1970-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments were designed to assess whether depriving rats of food would increase the reinforcement effectiveness of wheel running (Experiment 1) and whether satiation for wheel running would decrease the reinforcement effectiveness of food (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, a progressive-ratio schedule was used to ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pierce WD,Epling WF,Boer DP

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 3, adult females were taught with verbal instructions and contingencies to select, in sequence, three arbitrary visual stimuli from an array of five stimuli. After four different sequences were taught, match-to-sample tests assessed emergent conditional relations among all stimuli that had been select...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sigurdardottir ZG,Green G,Saunders RR

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight alligators were trained to escape heat by traversing an 8-ft runway containing right or left approaches to a water tank. All subjects were run until they had satisfied three criteria of stable response time, after which the predominant escape path was blocked, requiring discrimination reversal. Seven subjects ag...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davidson RS

更新日期：1966-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preferences for larger or smaller defined response classes were investigated in a concurrent schedule precedure. Twelve pigeons were run on a series of concurrent variable-interval reinforcement schedules, from which baseline matching functions were obtained. An experimental phase followed, in which a second response ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Leigland SM

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual reinforcers are not part of a regulatory system involved in the maintenance of critical metabolic processes, they differ for males and females, they differ as a function of species and mating system, and they show ontogenetic and seasonal changes related to endocrine conditions. Exposure to a member of the oppo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Crawford LL,Holloway KS,Domjan M

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preschool children were taught four two-choice match-to-sample conditional discriminations with 10 arbitrary visual stimuli. For 6 participants, 2 of the 10 stimuli served as the sample, or conditional, stimuli in all discriminations. For 5 additional participants, the same pair of stimuli served as the discriminative...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Saunders RR,Drake KM,Spradlin JE

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schaal DW,McDonald MP,Miller MA,Reilly MP

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00