Punished and unpunished responding in multiple variable-interval schedules.

abstract：:Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which responding on fixed-interval schedules was required to give access to the alternate schedule. Responding on the concurrent schedules was not allowed, after changing over had commenced, until the changeover schedule had been completed. In Parts...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments examined the influence of a brief stimulus (a light) on the behavior of food-deprived rats whose lever pressing on tandem schedules comprising components of different schedule types resulted in food presentation. In Experiment 1, either a tandem variable-ratio variable-interval or a tandem variable-i...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Reed P

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subjective value of rewards declines the longer rewards are delayed into the future ("delay discounting"). Discounting behavior varies both as a function of an individual's trait and current state. The degree of discounting has repeatedly been associated with relapse following treatment of addiction. Therefore, th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Roewer I,Wiehler A,Peters J

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In pigeons performing under a multiple schedule of food presentation, low key-pecking rates (0.18 to 0.29 responses per second) were maintained during 3-min fixed-interval components by requiring a 4-, 5-, or 6-sec pause preceding the food-delivery response (tandem DRL), while higher rates (0.70 to 1.37 responses per ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Stitzer M,McKearney JW

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. In Experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. In Experiment 2, food...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM,Willson RJ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons typically do not show evidence for symmetry in two-alternative matching-to-sample but do demonstrate this emergent relation in successive (go/no-go) matching-to-sample. Because the sample and comparison stimuli are presented in the same spatial location (viz., on one key) during successive matching training an...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Swisher M,Urcuioli PJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rats with electrodes chronically implanted in septal or hypothalamic sites were tested for intracranial reinforcement on a progressive fixed-ratio schedule. Two variations of this schedule were also examined and compared. Functions relating the highest level of stable fixed-ratio responding to a wide range of stim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Keesey RE,Goldstein MD

更新日期：1968-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments used pigeons in an autoshaping procedure and a single-subject design to examine compound stimulus control in classical conditioning. Experiment 1 examined the blocking effect, and Experiment 2 examined the unblocking effect. In both experiments, response-independent food was first delivered intermitt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Khallad Y,Moore J

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were provided with three keys. Pecking the center key produced grain on a schedule that alternated at unpredictable times between a variable-interval component and extinction. On concurrent variable-interval schedules, pecking either side key produced a stimulus associated with the variable-interval component ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dinsmoor JA,Mulvaney DE,Jwaideh AR

更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a number of two-stimulus relations are established through training within a set of stimuli, other two-stimulus relations often emerge in the same set without direct training. These, termed "transitive stimulus relations," have been demonstrated with a variety of visual and auditory stimuli. The phenomenon has se...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fields L,Verhave T,Fath S

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peak procedure was used to study temporal control in pigeons exposed to seven fixed-interval schedules ranging from 7.5 to 480 s. The focus was on behavior in individual intervals. Quantitative properties of temporal control depended on whether the aspect of behavior considered was initial pause duration, the poin...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Powell DG

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to examine pigeons' postponement of signaled extinction periods (timeouts) from a schedule of food reinforcement when such responding neither decreased overall timeout frequency nor increased the overall frequency of food reinforcement. A discrete-trial procedure was used in which a re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pietras CJ,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-Evans rats were exposed to a succession of conditioned-suppression procedures involving pairings of (1) signal-shock, (2) shock-signal, and (3) a signal-shock-signal sequence in which first and second signals were at first physically identical. Traditional suppression of food-reinforced responding was obtained un...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davis H,Memmott J,Hurwitz HM

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats performed on progressive-ratio schedules that required an increasing number of responses for each successive reinforcement. The number of responses required increased until the subjects failed to complete the next ratio in the sequence within 15 min. Response-ratio increments of two responses, five responses, and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Thomas JR

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel and serial timing processes are analyzed for their account of the dynamics of intertrial responding in the peak procedure. A strictly serial model, such as the behavioral theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988), does not fit the dynamic correlation pattern in the location and duration of the middle high-...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gibbon J,Church RM

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By definition, all of the stimuli in an equivalence class have to be functionally interchangeable with each other. The present experiment, however, demonstrated that this was not the case when using post-class-formation dual-option response transfer tests. With college students, two 4-node 6-member equivalence classes...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fields L,Watanabe-Rose M

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superstitions were demonstrated with human subjects when presses on one button were reinforced on a VI 30-sec schedule while presses on a second were never reinforced. Superstitious responding, on the second button, was often maintained because presses on that button were frequently followed by reinforcement for a sub...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： CATANIA AC,CUTTS D

更新日期：1963-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bondy AS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to multiple variable-interval 2-min variable-interval 2-min schedules of food presentation in which relative duration of food presentation was manipulated. When components alternated every 5 sec and were scheduled on separate response keys, relative response rates closely matched relative reinforc...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Merigan WH,Miller JS,Gollub LR

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments are reported which investigated the effects of cost (point loss per response) upon human-observer responses maintained by VI and FI schedules of reinforcement (acquisition of points via critical-signal detections). (I) Cost attenuated VI response rates without substantially disturbing the constancy o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WEINER H

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characteristic patterns of conditioned key-pressing were maintained in the chimpanzee under a multiple 30-response fixed-ratio, 10-minute fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Adjunctive drinking occurred with regularity during the fixed-interval schedule and, with less frequency, during 1-minute timeout perio...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Byrd LD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were required to complete varying numbers of licks (FR), ranging from 10 to 300, in order to free an activity wheel for predetermined times (CT) ranging from 2 to 20 sec. The reinforcement of drinking by running was shown both by an increased frequency of licking, and by changes in length of the burst of licking ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： PREMACK D,SCHAEFFER RW,HUNDT A

更新日期：1964-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were used to test the hypothesis that the source of reinforcement for observing behavior is the information that it provides concerning the schedule of primary reinforcement. On a variable-interval schedule, pecking the left-hand key produced a 30-sec display of such information. During this 30-sec period...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dinsmoor JA,Browne MP,Lawrence CE

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wilson and Hayes (1996) and Doughty, Kastner, and Bismark (2011) observed resurgence of past equivalence relations when newer equivalence relations were punished or extinguished, respectively. Their findings support the notion that deriving stimulus relations is a form of operant behavior. Although there is consensus ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doughty AH,Leake LW,Stoudemire ML

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 2 monkeys earned their daily food ration by pressing a key that delivered food according to a variable-interval 3-min schedule. In Phases 1 and 4, sessions ended after 3 hr. In Phases 2 and 3, sessions ended after a fixed number of responses that reduced food intake and body weights from levels during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Silberberg A,Bauman R,Hursh S

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study uses a curve-fitting approach to evaluate the effects of drugs on reinforced responding in rats. The subjects obtained reinforcement according to a series of five different variable-interval schedules (a five-component multiple schedule). For each rat, pimozide, a neuroleptic, decreased response rate, and t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Heyman GM

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral momentum theory relates resistance to change of responding in a multiple-schedule component to the total reinforcement obtained in that component, regardless of how the reinforcers are produced. Four pigeons responded in a series of multiple-schedule conditions in which a variable-interval 40-s schedule arr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McLean AP,Blampied NM

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is treated as a single unit of reinforcement often involves what could be called a reinforcement period during which two or more acts of ingestion may occur, and each of these may have associated with it a series of responses, some reflexive, some learned, that lead up to ingestion. Food-tray presentation to a pi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gunn KP

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study tested the notion that an equivalence relation may include a response when differential responses are paired with stimuli presented during training. Eight normal adults learned three kinds of computer mouse movements as differential response topographies (R1, R2, and R3). Next, in matching-to-sample trainin...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimizu H

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments explored whether access to wheel running is sufficient as reinforcement to establish and maintain simple and conditional visual discriminations in nondeprived rats. In Experiment 1, 2 rats learned to press a lit key to produce access to running; responding was virtually absent when the key was dark, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Iversen IH

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00