Repeated acquisition of conditional discriminations.

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were each trained to perform a discrimination problem and a matching problem. Following acquisition, delays of 1 to 7 sec were interposed after stimulus presentation on both problems. Accuracy of responding on these two types of delay procedures was observed to be a function of length of delay interval. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Smith L

更新日期：1967-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 3, adult females were taught with verbal instructions and contingencies to select, in sequence, three arbitrary visual stimuli from an array of five stimuli. After four different sequences were taught, match-to-sample tests assessed emergent conditional relations among all stimuli that had been select...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sigurdardottir ZG,Green G,Saunders RR

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of discrimination and avoidance training on the skin resistance response were studied in eight humans. Responses occurring during one stimulus delayed the interruption of music for 30 sec; responses during a second stimulus either had no effect or interrupted the music for 15 sec. The results showed stimul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Greene WA,Sutor LT

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments evaluated whether rats' occupancy of a restraint tube is reinforcing. In Experiment 1, each rat in the 0-min group moved freely in a chamber where a wall blocked access to a restraint tube. After 10 min the wall was removed, permitting 15 min of chamber access and tube entry. The other 2 groups were lo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hachiga Y,Silberberg A,Slotnick B,Gomez M

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight alligators were trained to escape heat by traversing an 8-ft runway containing right or left approaches to a water tank. All subjects were run until they had satisfied three criteria of stable response time, after which the predominant escape path was blocked, requiring discrimination reversal. Seven subjects ag...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davidson RS

更新日期：1966-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a number of two-stimulus relations are established through training within a set of stimuli, other two-stimulus relations often emerge in the same set without direct training. These, termed "transitive stimulus relations," have been demonstrated with a variety of visual and auditory stimuli. The phenomenon has se...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fields L,Verhave T,Fath S

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three groups of pigeons were trained with a modified discriminative autoshaping procedure to discriminate video images of other pigeons on the basis of movement. Birds of all groups were shown the same video images of other pigeons, which were either moving or still. The group to whom food was presented only after mov...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dittrich WH,Lea SE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superstitions were demonstrated with human subjects when presses on one button were reinforced on a VI 30-sec schedule while presses on a second were never reinforced. Superstitious responding, on the second button, was often maintained because presses on that button were frequently followed by reinforcement for a sub...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： CATANIA AC,CUTTS D

更新日期：1963-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a conjoint schedule, reinforcement is available simultaneously on two or more schedules for the same response. The present experiments provided food for key pecking on both a random-interval and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. Experiment 1 involved ordinary DRL schedules; Experiment 2 added...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Blakely TF

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Azrin NH

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rhesus monkeys responding under a three-component multiple schedule were administered haloperidol to determine its effects on cocaine self-administration and on cocaine's disruptive effects on the repeated acquisition and performance of response chains. In the absence of haloperidol, 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/infusion of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Winsauer PJ,Moerschbaecher JM,Roussell AM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1972-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bondy AS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of an imperfect substitute for food on demand for food in a closed economy. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats pressed a lever for their entire daily food ration, and a fixed ratio of presses was required for each food pellet. In both experiments, the fixed ratio was held...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bauman RA,Raslear TG,Hursh SR,Shurtleff D,Simmons L

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a discrete-trial symbolic matching-to-sample procedure, pigeons' left-key responses were reinforced following presentation of one center-key sample, and right-key responses were reinforced following presentation of another. Recallability was measured by the difference between log ratios of left to right responses f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： White KG,McKenzie J

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Choice between a signalled shock schedule and an unsignalled one was examined at various shock intensities. Three rats were given the opportunity to change from the unsignalled schedule to the signalled one at intensity values between 0.15 mA and 1.0 mA. Steps were usually 0.15 mA and both ascending and descending ser...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harsh J,Badia P

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsive choice describes preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards. Excessive delay discounting (i.e., rapid devaluation of delayed rewards) underlies some impulsive choices, and is observed in many maladaptive behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, gambling). Interventions designed to reduce dela...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Renee Renda C,Rung JM,Hinnenkamp JE,Lenzini SN,Madden GJ

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a concurrent-chains procedure, pigeons chose between equivalent mixed and multiple fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. In the first experiment, preference for the multiple schedule was higher when the probability of the shorter fixed interval was less than .50 than for complementary points, an outcome consis...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E,Moore J

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escape responses of squirrel monkeys were reinforced according to a fixed-ratio schedule. The reinforcement was a period of safety from a stimulus that signalled the delivery of intermittent pain-shocks. When the frequency of shock was gradually reduced, the performance remained at a high level until the shocks were q...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HOLZ WC,HAKE DF,AYLLON T

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to examine pigeons' postponement of signaled extinction periods (timeouts) from a schedule of food reinforcement when such responding neither decreased overall timeout frequency nor increased the overall frequency of food reinforcement. A discrete-trial procedure was used in which a re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pietras CJ,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were exposed to factorial combinations of two values of line tilt and two frequencies of houselight flashes. During each of four baseline stages, key pecking in the presence of all four combinations was reinforced according to a variable-interval schedule. The baseline phases were followed by four differen...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In experiments on operant behavior, other activities, called "background" activities, compete with the operant activities. Herrnstein's (1970) formulation of the matching law included background reinforcers in the form of a parameter rO, but remained vague about the activities (BO) that produce rO. To gain more unders...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Baum WM,Davison M

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of time allocated to one component of a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule was computed for groups of interchangeover times (aggregates) within several intact time series. Variability in obtained proportions decreased as the number of interchangeover times within each aggregate incr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Real PG,Dreyfus LR

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the rate of reinforcement for pigeons' key pecking varied over time following a sine waveform, performances were more consistent and reliable if a constant-rate reinforcement schedule was concurrently available on a second key than if only the sinewave-varying reinforcement schedule was available. In the two-key ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Johnson DF,Wheeler HP

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five rats pressed levers on variable-interval schedules of water reinforcement at various levels of water deprivation. In one phase of the experiment, three deprivation conditions that replicated conditions in Heyman and Monaghan (1987) were arranged, along with three less extreme deprivation conditions. In a second p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Dallery J

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naive rats were trained to respond on one lever in the presence of noise bursts from one speaker and on a second lever in the presence of noise bursts from a second speaker. The speakers were mounted behind the levers. When responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker was reinforced, control developed with...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of food reinforcement schedules on the reinforcement value of drinking water was evaluated. Food-deprived rats were exposed to concurrent, identical variable-time schedules of food presentation, the food thus being delivered independently of the rats' behavior. When the relative amount of time spent in a sc...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cohen IL

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groups of three rats were placed in a chamber containing one response lever and one water dispenser. A variety of schedule conditions were explored including fixed ratio, extinction, satiation, fixed interval, fixed time, differential reinforcement of low rates, and discrimination learning. Each group was treated as a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Grott R,Neuringer A

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00