Group behavior of rats under schedules of reinforcement.

abstract：:Two experiments evaluated whether rats' occupancy of a restraint tube is reinforcing. In Experiment 1, each rat in the 0-min group moved freely in a chamber where a wall blocked access to a restraint tube. After 10 min the wall was removed, permitting 15 min of chamber access and tube entry. The other 2 groups were lo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hachiga Y,Silberberg A,Slotnick B,Gomez M

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects pressed a telegraph key to illuminate a meter dial on which pointer deflections appeared at fixed intervals. Upon detecting a deflection they were required to press another key to reset the pointer to zero. This detecting and resetting operation reinforced the behavior of pressing the light-flashing key (i.e....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Laties VG,Weiss B

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were allowed to forage in a simulated natural environment made up of eight food sources (patches) each containing a fixed number of pellets. Two of the eight contained an extra supply of peanuts. The peanut patches were signaled by an olfactory/visual cue located at the bottom of the ladder leading to the patch. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mellgren RL,Brown SW

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman animals show evidence for three types of concept learning: perceptual or similarity-based in which objects/stimuli are categorized based on physical similarity; relational in which one object/stimulus is categorized relative to another (e.g., same/different); and associative in which arbitrary stimuli become ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Wasserman EA,Urcuioli PJ

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four male pigmented rats were exposed to a procedure designed to investigate the relation between several performance measures and a schedule continuum ranging from FR 36 to FI 2 through four intermediate interlocking schedules. On all schedules, each subject developed a stable performance that was generally break-and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： BERRYMAN R,NEVIN JA

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children who have status epilepticus have continuous or rapidly repeating seizures that may be life-threatening and may cause life-long changes in brain and behavior. The extent to which status epilepticus causes deficits in auditory discrimination is unknown. A naturalistic auditory location discrimination method was...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Neill JC,Liu Z,Mikati M,Holmes GL

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Temporal schedules of negative reinforcement were derived in a manner analogous to those for positive reinforcement, and two parametric studies were carried out with two of the three defining variables. With some limiting values of the defining variables, escape schedules result and data obtained at these values were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： SIDLEY NA

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The key-pecking of a pigeon was reinforced with grain on an 18-min second-order schedule. During the 18 min, a key peck which completed a 3-min fixed interval produced a stimulus of 0.5-sec duration. The first 3-min fixed interval completed after 18 min resulted in primary reinforcement. Behavior characteristic of fix...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Lorge J

更新日期：1967-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior analysis has been thriving by continuing to make important theoretical and empirical contributions to a wide array of problems, as well as by contributing to interdisciplinary research. Applied research in behavior analysis is flourishing. Despite these positive signs there may be an erosion of support for ba...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to respond on a multiple variable-interval 1-min variable-interval 1-min schedule, then switched to a multiple variable-interval 1-min differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior discrimination training. The rate of reinforcement was held constant during the shift from non-differential reinforcem...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the role of learning history on the acquisition of a matching-to-sample task. Twelve preschool children learned four stimulus classes through instructions, shaping, or imitation. After reaching criterion, the subjects were exposed to changed discrimination contingencies to determine how each learni...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Michael RL,Bernstein DJ

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three groups of pigeons were trained on a red-green discrimination in which the stimuli were alternately presented in a multiple schedule of reinforcement. The discrimination was reversed 24 times. Groups were given 1, 2, or 4 hr of training on each discrimination. Increasing the length of training had two principal e...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Beale IL

更新日期：1970-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing behavior of two squirrel monkeys was examined under a multiple schedule of four components. Lever (observing) responses produced either a stimulus indicating the availability of food or another stimulus indicating food was not available. Key responses in the presence of the food-available stimulus produced f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Lorge JO,Clark FC

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding by exclusion, one of the most robust phenomena in Experimental Psychology, describes a particular form of responding observed in symbolic, matching-to-sample tasks. Given two comparison stimuli, one experimentally defined and one experimentally undefined, the participant prefers the undefined comparison fol...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cippola NS,Domeniconi C,Machado A

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kuroda T,Cançado CR,Lattal KA,Elcoro M,Dickson CA,Cook JE

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding under fixed-interval schedules usually generates either scalloped or break-and-run cumulative records. Earlier, it was generally accepted that the characteristic pattern was the scallop, but in recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on the break-and-run pattern. The break-and-run pattern has bee...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dews PB

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six male albino rats were placed in running wheels and exposed to a fixed-interval 30-s schedule of lever pressing that produced either a drop of sucrose solution or the opportunity to run for a fixed duration as reinforcers. Each reinforcer type was signaled by a different stimulus. In Experiment 1, the duration of r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Belke TW,Hancock SD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of discrimination and avoidance training on the skin resistance response were studied in eight humans. Responses occurring during one stimulus delayed the interruption of music for 30 sec; responses during a second stimulus either had no effect or interrupted the music for 15 sec. The results showed stimul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Greene WA,Sutor LT

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to explore a behavior-analytic model of analogical reasoning, defined as the discrimination of formal similarity via equivalence-equivalence responding. In Experiment 1, adult humans were trained and tested for the formation of four three-member equivalence relations: A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2, A3-B...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Stewart I,Barnes-Holmes D,Roche B,Smeets PM

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An implementation of punishment in the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics is proposed, and is applied to responding on concurrent schedules of reinforcement with superimposed punishment. In this implementation, punishment causes behaviors to mutate, and to do so with a higher probability in a lean reinforcement ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Klapes B

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to perform discrimination tasks along two dimensions, wavelength of a circular spot of light and orientation of a white line. Discriminability among stimuli along these dimensions was established for both subjects by means of a steady state testing procedure. The two dimensions were then combi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zuckerman DC

更新日期：1973-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to model hierarchical classification as contextually controlled, generalized relational responding or relational framing. In Experiment 1, a training procedure involving nonarbitrarily related multidimensional stimuli was used to establish two arbitrary shapes as contextual cues for 'memb...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Slattery B,Stewart I

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of time allocated to one component of a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule was computed for groups of interchangeover times (aggregates) within several intact time series. Variability in obtained proportions decreased as the number of interchangeover times within each aggregate incr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Real PG,Dreyfus LR

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four studies were conducted to investigate the source of reinforcement of Sidman avoidance. First it was found that the acquisition of avoidance was seriously impaired if there was no immediate stimulus consequence of responding, i.e., proprioceptive and auditory feedback. The second study showed that if the shock-sho...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： BOLLES RC,POPP RJ Jr

更新日期：1964-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of varying stimulus disparity and relative punisher frequencies on signal detection by humans. Participants were placed into one of two groups. Group 3 participants were presented with 1:3 and 3:1 punisher frequency ratios, while Group 11 participants were presented with 1:1...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rats with electrodes chronically implanted in septal or hypothalamic sites were tested for intracranial reinforcement on a progressive fixed-ratio schedule. Two variations of this schedule were also examined and compared. Functions relating the highest level of stable fixed-ratio responding to a wide range of stim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Keesey RE,Goldstein MD

更新日期：1968-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is treated as a single unit of reinforcement often involves what could be called a reinforcement period during which two or more acts of ingestion may occur, and each of these may have associated with it a series of responses, some reflexive, some learned, that lead up to ingestion. Food-tray presentation to a pi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gunn KP

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional component...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Turvey MT,Solomon HY,Burton G

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data were obtained with rats on the effects of interresponse time contingent reinforcement of the lever press response using schedules in which interresponse times falling within either of two temporal intervals could be reinforced. Some of the findings were (a) the mode of the interresponse time distribution generall...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Malott RW,Cumming WW

更新日期：1966-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In experiments on operant behavior, other activities, called "background" activities, compete with the operant activities. Herrnstein's (1970) formulation of the matching law included background reinforcers in the form of a parameter rO, but remained vague about the activities (BO) that produce rO. To gain more unders...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Baum WM,Davison M

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00