Abstract:
:The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional components of unseen objects wielded freely. For each task, an invariant specific to the object property in question is identified in the structured arrays of rotational moments and strains produced by the act of wielding. Results are discussed in relation to the concepts of attention and stimulation, as reformulated by the ecological approach, and the general theory of perception as information pickup.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Turvey MT,Solomon HY,Burton Gdoi
10.1901/jeab.1989.52-387subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-11-01 00:00:00pages
387-407issue
3eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Conditioned suppression was demonstrated in two experiments with rats lever pressing on a fixed-ration 1 schedule for lateral hypothalamic intracranaial stimulation (ICS)'n Experiment I, conditioned suppression of responding for low-intensity ICS was obtained with a moderate intensity of foot shock, In Experiment II, ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1975.23-277
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilson and Hayes (1996) and Doughty, Kastner, and Bismark (2011) observed resurgence of past equivalence relations when newer equivalence relations were punished or extinguished, respectively. Their findings support the notion that deriving stimulus relations is a form of operant behavior. Although there is consensus ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.111
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.17-177
更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Head orientation during auditory discriminations was studies in squirrel monkeys using a two-lever trial-by-trial procedure. Animals were studied using auditory discriminations based on the position of the sound and on the spectral content differences between a pure tone and a noise. After the percentage of correct re...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.28-233
更新日期:1977-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three groups of pigeons were trained with a modified discriminative autoshaping procedure to discriminate video images of other pigeons on the basis of movement. Birds of all groups were shown the same video images of other pigeons, which were either moving or still. The group to whom food was presented only after mov...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.59-115
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments examined the influence of a brief stimulus (a light) on the behavior of food-deprived rats whose lever pressing on tandem schedules comprising components of different schedule types resulted in food presentation. In Experiment 1, either a tandem variable-ratio variable-interval or a tandem variable-i...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.61-417
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We identify naming as the basic unit of verbal behavior, describe the conditions under which it is learned, and outline its crucial role in the development of stimulus classes and, hence, of symbolic behavior. Drawing upon B. F. Skinner's functional analysis and the theoretical work of G. H. Mead and L. S. Vygotsky, w...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.65-185
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three pigeons were each trained to perform a discrimination problem and a matching problem. Following acquisition, delays of 1 to 7 sec were interposed after stimulus presentation on both problems. Accuracy of responding on these two types of delay procedures was observed to be a function of length of delay interval. ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-529
更新日期:1967-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were rewarded for distributing eight pecks across two keys (L and R) in various patterns. The simplest pattern was at least one switch between the two keys (LR or RL) anywhere during the sequence; the next simplest was at least one instance of LLRR or RRLL anywhere during the sequence; the next was LLLRRR or R...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.22
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons, trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline under a procedure requiring the bird to track the location of a color, received cumulative doses of phencyclidine, pentobarbital, or d-amphetamine with a variety of schedules of reinforcement in effect (across phases). When the same second-order schedules were...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1984.42-51
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodent models have been especially useful for investigating adolescent ethanol exposure. However, there is a paucity of studies examining sex differences in behavioral intoxication from adolescent ethanol drinking. Here, we used an ethanol drinking model to investigate if adolescent rats of both sexes readily drink et...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.440
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classic matching theory, which is based on Herrnstein's (1961) original matching equation and includes the well-known quantitative law of effect, is almost certainly false. The theory is logically inconsistent with known experimental findings, and experiments have shown that its central constant-k assumption is not te...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2005.59-04
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine is selectively involved in cocaine reinforcement was investigated in the rat. Animals were trained under a multiple schedule in which responding was reinforced by intravenous cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/injection) or food (45-mg pellets) under fixed-ratio 15 schedule requirements in alt...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.61-213
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Learning by "following", probably a common means by which behaviors are socially transmitted from adults to young in many species, was analyzed. Pigeons first learned to eat from a human hand. When the hand then approached an operant key and pecked it, the pigeons followed and quickly learned to do the same, thereby d...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.27-127
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When subjects learn to associate two sample durations with two comparison keys, do they learn to associate the keys with the short and long samples (relational hypothesis), or with the specific sample durations (absolute hypothesis)? We exposed 16 pigeons to an ABA design in which phases A and B corresponded to tasks ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2012.98-23
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral pharmacology has become increasingly independent of the experimental analysis of behavior. At its beginning, behavioral pharmacology was closely related to the experimental analysis of behavior, with developments in each field aiding the other. Early attempts to systematize data in behavioral pharmacology c...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1984.42-511
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior analysis has been thriving by continuing to make important theoretical and empirical contributions to a wide array of problems, as well as by contributing to interdisciplinary research. Applied research in behavior analysis is flourishing. Despite these positive signs there may be an erosion of support for ba...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.89-125
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrimination between two successively alternating stimuli was trained under conditions that maintained equal frequencies of reinforcement in the presence of each of the discriminative stimuli (S1 and S2) but that also reduced the rate of responding to S2. These conditions included a multiple variable-interval diff...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-727
更新日期:1968-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Experiment I, a group of eight pigeons performed on concurrent random-interval schedules constructed by holding probability equal and varying cycle time to produce ratios of reinforcer densities of 1:1, 3:1, and 5:1 for key pecking. Schedules for a second group of seven were constructed with equal cycle times and u...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-301
更新日期:1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key-pecking of a pigeon was reinforced with grain on an 18-min second-order schedule. During the 18 min, a key peck which completed a 3-min fixed interval produced a stimulus of 0.5-sec duration. The first 3-min fixed interval completed after 18 min resulted in primary reinforcement. Behavior characteristic of fix...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1967.10-271
更新日期:1967-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats' lever presses and drinking-tube contacts were studied under fixed-interval schedules of food presentation and under a tandem schedule composed of three fixed intervals. One group of rats was exposed first to the tandem schedule, next to fixed-interval schedules of comparable interpellet intervals, and once again...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1976.25-361
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory research has shown that when subjects are given a choice between fixed-ratio and bi-valued mixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, preference typically emerges for the mixed-ratio schedule even with a larger ratio requirement. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings to children's mat...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.234
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual reinforcers are not part of a regulatory system involved in the maintenance of critical metabolic processes, they differ for males and females, they differ as a function of species and mating system, and they show ontogenetic and seasonal changes related to endocrine conditions. Exposure to a member of the oppo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.60-55
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this three-experiment study was to evaluate whether performance consistent with the formation of equivalence classes could be established after training adults to tact and intraverbally relate the names of visual stimuli. Fourteen participants were exposed to tact training, listener testing, and intrave...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.203
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiment I investigated the effects of reinforcer magnitude on differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule performance in three phases. In Phase 1, two groups of rats (n = 6 and 5) responded under a DRI. 72-s schedule with reinforcer magnitudes of either 30 or 300 microl of water. After acquisition, the wa...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2002.78-17
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-135
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three pigeons were subjected to a series of procedures in which the key-peck's effects ranged from immediate, differential food reinforcement, through delayed reinforcement, the production of stimulus changes with and without probable secondary reinforcement, the prevention of food presentation ("food-avoidance...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.18-369
更新日期:1972-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aversive shocks are known to produce aggression when the shocks are not dependent on behavior and to suppress behavior when the shocks are arranged as a dependent punisher. These two processes were studied by presenting non-dependent shock to monkeys at regular intervals, thereby producing biting attacks on a pneumati...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-7
更新日期:1970-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiment 1 investigated whether training subjects to read words aloud would induce correct written spelling of the words even though spelling had no experimental consequences. Training in reading was followed by a weak increment in correct spelling. Experiment 2 investigated whether overtraining in reading would imp...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-311
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained in a matching-to-sample procedure with retention intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 s mixed within each session. In different conditions, reinforcement was delayed by 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8 s from correct choice responses. Discriminability decreased with increasing retention-interval duration and with in...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2003.80-77
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00