Effects of mesolimbic dopamine depletion on responding maintained by cocaine and food.

abstract：:Previous research has shown that Lewis rats make more impulsive choices than Fischer 344 rats. Such strain-related differences in choice are important as they may provide an avenue for exploring genetic and neurochemical contributions to impulsive choice. The present systematic replication was designed to determine if...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Madden GJ,Smith NG,Brewer AT,Pinkston JW,Johnson PS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule which provided equally frequent reinforcement in the presence of two stimuli but which produced markedly different rates of key-pecking. Generalization gradients were displaced away from the stimulus associated with the lower rate of key-pecking. Another group of pigeons had...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Yarczower M,Gollub LR,Dickson JF

更新日期：1968-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of positive and negative GABA(A) modulators under three different baselines of repeated acquisition in squirrel monkeys in which the monkeys acquired a three-response sequence on three keys under a second-order fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In two of these ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Campbell UC,Winsauer PJ,Stevenson MW,Moerschbaecher JM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight retarded adolescents were trained to select one (a trained S+) of two visual stimuli in response to a spoken word (a trained word). Two different visual stimuli alternated randomly as the S-. To determine if the spoken work was merely a temporal discriminative stimulus for when to respond, or if it also specifie...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dixon LS

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classic matching theory, which is based on Herrnstein's (1961) original matching equation and includes the well-known quantitative law of effect, is almost certainly false. The theory is logically inconsistent with known experimental findings, and experiments have shown that its central constant-k assumption is not te...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons with extensive training pecking a key illuminated by a white line then had brief training with the key illuminated by 555 nanometers. This was immediately followed by a wavelength generalization test in extinction. Dimensional stimulus control about the training wavelength increased with the duration and numbe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG,Thio H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments compared the amounts of behavioral variability generated with two reinforcement rules. In Experiments 1 and 2 pigeons received food whenever they generated a sequence of eight pecks, distributed over two keys, provided that the sequence contained a certain number of change-overs between the keys. Alt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Machado A

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analyses of free-operant choice usually employ one of two general procedures: the simple concurrent procedure (i.e., a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule) or the concurrent-chains procedure (i.e., concurrently available initial links, each leading to an exclusively available terminal link). Theori...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan W

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When subjects learn to associate two sample durations with two comparison keys, do they learn to associate the keys with the short and long samples (relational hypothesis), or with the specific sample durations (absolute hypothesis)? We exposed 16 pigeons to an ABA design in which phases A and B corresponded to tasks ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pinheiro de Carvalho M,Machado A

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, two groups of four pigeons each were exposed to multiple schedules in which one component was always a variable-interval schedule with a mean interreinforcement interval of 30 or 180 seconds. The other component was either an equal variable-interval schedule or extinction. Response rates in the unchan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Spealman RD,Gollub LR

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study obtained quantitative data on the bodily orientations of rhesus monkeys in a delayed-response task and determined whether such orientations mediate the correct response in a choice trial. The basic task was a two-key chain schedule with the key leading to food signaled in the initial component. During the s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kojima S

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding of three pigeons was maintained under conjunctive fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedules where a key peck produced food after both schedule requirements were completed. The individual schedule requirements were then successively removed and reinstated with responding maintained under the following conditions...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Barrett JE

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck keys on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement. Both schedules produced a pattern of behavior characterized as pause and run, but the relation of pausing to time between reinforcers differed for the two schedules even when mean time between reinforcers was the same....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Capehart GW,Eckerman DA,Guilkey M,Shull RL

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel and serial timing processes are analyzed for their account of the dynamics of intertrial responding in the peak procedure. A strictly serial model, such as the behavioral theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988), does not fit the dynamic correlation pattern in the location and duration of the middle high-...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gibbon J,Church RM

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a concurrent-chains procedure, pigeons chose between equivalent mixed and multiple fixed-interval schedules of reinforcement. In the first experiment, preference for the multiple schedule was higher when the probability of the shorter fixed interval was less than .50 than for complementary points, an outcome consis...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Fantino E,Moore J

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons' key pecks were reinforced with food on a fixed-interval schedule. Food also was available at variable time periods either independently of responding or for not key pecking (a differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior schedule). The latter condition arranged reinforcement following the first pause of t sec...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lattal KA,Boyer SS

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multiple schedule having both an appetitive and an avoidance component was maintained in two dogs to create a complex behavioral base line for observing the effects of chlorpromazine. Both soluble and "Spansule" chlorpromazine generated similar functions relating drug dose to measures of behavioral output. Although ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WALLER MB,WALLER PF

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five children, ranging in age from 3(1/2) years to 5(1/2) years, were taught various four-response chains using conditioned reinforcement. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of presenting "instruction" stimuli-a sequence of lights over the correct response buttons-to assess their role in facilitating the acquisitio...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan ME

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on multiple schedules in which responding on a center key produced matching-to-sample trials according to the same variable-interval 30-s schedules in both components. Matching trials consisted of a vertical or tilted line sample on the center key followed by vertical and tilted comparisons on the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA,Milo J,Odum AL,Shahan TA

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study uses a curve-fitting approach to evaluate the effects of drugs on reinforced responding in rats. The subjects obtained reinforcement according to a series of five different variable-interval schedules (a five-component multiple schedule). For each rat, pimozide, a neuroleptic, decreased response rate, and t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Heyman GM

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a discrete-trial symbolic matching-to-sample procedure, pigeons' left-key responses were reinforced following presentation of one center-key sample, and right-key responses were reinforced following presentation of another. Recallability was measured by the difference between log ratios of left to right responses f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： White KG,McKenzie J

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five groups of pigeons were food reinforced on various schedules. Half of each group were extinguished in the normal manner; the others were presented with a stimulus change, previously paired with reinforcement, each time they completed their respective fixed ratios. Response rate in training was an increasing negati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weissman NW,Crossman EK

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key-pecking responses of a pigeon were maintained by a variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. The responses were suppressed during the occasional presentation of a warning stimulus paired with electric shock. The presence of a second pigeon emitting the same response for food reinforcement reduced the suppr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hake DF,Laws DR

更新日期：1967-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding by exclusion, one of the most robust phenomena in Experimental Psychology, describes a particular form of responding observed in symbolic, matching-to-sample tasks. Given two comparison stimuli, one experimentally defined and one experimentally undefined, the participant prefers the undefined comparison fol...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cippola NS,Domeniconi C,Machado A

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rats with electrodes chronically implanted in septal or hypothalamic sites were tested for intracranial reinforcement on a progressive fixed-ratio schedule. Two variations of this schedule were also examined and compared. Functions relating the highest level of stable fixed-ratio responding to a wide range of stim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Keesey RE,Goldstein MD

更新日期：1968-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steep delay discounting is characterized by a preference for small immediate outcomes relative to larger delayed outcomes and is predictive of drug abuse, risky sexual behaviors, and other maladaptive behaviors. Nancy M. Petry was a pioneer in delay discounting research who demonstrated that people discount delayed mo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Odum AL,Becker RJ,Haynes JM,Galizio A,Frye CCJ,Downey H,Friedel JE,Perez DM

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If a response key is regularly illuminated for several seconds before food is presented, pigeons will peck it after a moderate number of pairings; this "auto-shaping" procedure of Brown and Jenkins (1968) was explored further in the present series of four experiments. The first showed that pecking was maintained even ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams DR,Williams H

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight alligators were trained to escape heat by traversing an 8-ft runway containing right or left approaches to a water tank. All subjects were run until they had satisfied three criteria of stable response time, after which the predominant escape path was blocked, requiring discrimination reversal. Seven subjects ag...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davidson RS

更新日期：1966-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to respond on a multiple variable-interval 1-min variable-interval 1-min schedule, then switched to a multiple variable-interval 1-min differential-reinforcement-of-other-behavior discrimination training. The rate of reinforcement was held constant during the shift from non-differential reinforcem...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG

更新日期：1970-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In pigeons performing under a multiple schedule of food presentation, low key-pecking rates (0.18 to 0.29 responses per second) were maintained during 3-min fixed-interval components by requiring a 4-, 5-, or 6-sec pause preceding the food-delivery response (tandem DRL), while higher rates (0.70 to 1.37 responses per ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Stitzer M,McKearney JW

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00