Social facilitation of responses during a stimulus paired with electric shock.

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two successive studies were conducted to determine the possibility of operant reinforcement of nonspecific galvanic skin resistance responses. In the first study, with five experimental and three control subjects who served for 20 to 30 min a day for 10 days, all experimental subjects learned to emit more nonspecific ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gavalas RJ

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained under a discrete-trials detection procedure in which one of a set of color stimuli was presented on the center key and a single response turned off the stimulus and illuminated two side keys. Single responses to one or the other side key produced occasional reinforcers depending on the value of th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,McCarthy D

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats performed on progressive-ratio schedules that required an increasing number of responses for each successive reinforcement. The number of responses required increased until the subjects failed to complete the next ratio in the sequence within 15 min. Response-ratio increments of two responses, five responses, and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Thomas JR

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is treated as a single unit of reinforcement often involves what could be called a reinforcement period during which two or more acts of ingestion may occur, and each of these may have associated with it a series of responses, some reflexive, some learned, that lead up to ingestion. Food-tray presentation to a pi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gunn KP

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yoked pairs of experimentally naive pigeons were exposed to a modified autoshaping procedure in which key pecking by the leader birds postponed both keylight termination and access to grain for the leader and the follower bird. Key pecking developed and was maintained in all birds and continued through two reversals o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myerson J,Myerson WA,Parker BK

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained on a successive discrete-trial discrimination between two tonal stimuli to examine the effects of availability of a lever during intertrial intervals. In the discrete-trial condition, in which a lever was removed from the chamber during intertrial intervals, 10-s trials were initiated by the presenta...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hachiya S,Ito M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new technique was developed to study the repeated acquisition of conditional discriminations. Using a discrete trial procedure, pigeons were required to learn during each session a different two-member chain of conditional discriminations. Key color and geometric forms were used as stimuli. After the pigeons had rea...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Moerschbaecher JM,Boren JJ,Schrot J

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral momentum theory relates resistance to change of responding in a multiple-schedule component to the total reinforcement obtained in that component, regardless of how the reinforcers are produced. Four pigeons responded in a series of multiple-schedule conditions in which a variable-interval 40-s schedule arr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McLean AP,Blampied NM

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Murray Sidman's book, Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology, published in 1960, has been called the bible of the experimental analysis of behavior and has been a major influence on basic as well as applied research in behavior analysis. The contents of the early reviews of the book...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Holth P

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observer monkeys were housed next to demonstrator monkeys that were conditioned to respond on a multiple reinforcement schedule whose components were fixed-ratio 32, variable-interval 3-min, and extinction 5-min followed by an additional 30 sec of extinction during which every response started a new 30-sec interval. A...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myers WA

更新日期：1970-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared relapse after responding was eliminated by extinction or omission training in rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced with food pellets in Context A and then eliminated with either extinction or omission training in Context B. The response was then tested in Contexts A and B in ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rey CN,Thrailkill EA,Goldberg KL,Bouton ME

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Implicit learning involves picking up information from the environment without explicit instruction or conscious awareness of the learning process. In nonhuman animals, conscious awareness is impossible to assess, so we define implicit learning as occurring when animals acquire information beyond what is required for ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Drucker CB,Baghdoyan T,Brannon EM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments were conducted to examine pigeons' postponement of signaled extinction periods (timeouts) from a schedule of food reinforcement when such responding neither decreased overall timeout frequency nor increased the overall frequency of food reinforcement. A discrete-trial procedure was used in which a re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pietras CJ,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional component...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Turvey MT,Solomon HY,Burton G

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We identify naming as the basic unit of verbal behavior, describe the conditions under which it is learned, and outline its crucial role in the development of stimulus classes and, hence, of symbolic behavior. Drawing upon B. F. Skinner's functional analysis and the theoretical work of G. H. Mead and L. S. Vygotsky, w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Horne PJ,Lowe CF

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current experiment examined whether adjusting-amount and adjusting-delay procedures provide equivalent measures of discounting. Pigeons' discounting on the two procedures was compared using a within-subject yoking technique in which the indifference point (number of pellets or time until reinforcement) obtained wi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Green L,Myerson J,Shah AK,Estle SJ,Holt DD

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Urcuioli PJ,DeMarse TB,Lionello KM

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Models that generate event records have very general scope regarding the dimensions of the target behavior that we measure. From a set of predicted event records, we can generate predictions for any dependent variable that we could compute from the event records of our subjects. In this sense, models that generate eve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Li D,Hautus MJ,Elliffe D

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing behavior of two squirrel monkeys was examined under a multiple schedule of four components. Lever (observing) responses produced either a stimulus indicating the availability of food or another stimulus indicating food was not available. Key responses in the presence of the food-available stimulus produced f...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Lorge JO,Clark FC

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four pigeons were trained to respond on one of two keys in the presence of one color-form display, and on the other key when a second color-form display was present. Both responses were maintained on a 2-min variable-internal schedule of reinforcement. Subsequently, stimulus control acquired by components of the compo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Born DG,Peterson JL

更新日期：1969-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons were trained to discriminate a 5.0 mg/kg dose of pentobarbital from saline under a two-key concurrent schedule with responding on the key associated with the presession injection, under both stimulus conditions, producing four times as many reinforcers as responding on the other key. This concurrent sche...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Snodgrass SH,McMillan DE

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrimination between two successively alternating stimuli was trained under conditions that maintained equal frequencies of reinforcement in the presence of each of the discriminative stimuli (S1 and S2) but that also reduced the rate of responding to S2. These conditions included a multiple variable-interval diff...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Terrace HS

更新日期：1968-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five different reinforcement durations occurred randomly within each session on fixed interval 60-sec. Postreinforcement pause was directly related (and "running" rate inversely related) to the duration of reinforcement initiating each fixed interval. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Staddon JE

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1972-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments demonstrated the pigeon's sensitivity to ultraviolet light. In Experiment I, pigeons' responses were reinforced on a multiple schedule with a variable-interval reinforcement schedule in one component and extinction in the other component. Response rates were quite different in the two components where ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multivariate analysis is concerned with more than one dependent variable simultaneously. Models that generate event records have a privileged status in a multivariate analysis. From a model that generates event records, we may compute predictions for any dependent variable associated with those event records. Howeve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Li D,Elliffe D,Hautus MJ

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments investigated conditions affecting the choice to cooperate or compete. Experiment I compared the effects first of an individual activity, then of a competitive task as an alternative to cooperation. For both comparisons, subjects could earn more by cooperating. Choice of competition, but not individua...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schmitt DR

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00