Drug discrimination under a concurrent schedule.

abstract：:Hungry rats received food following lever-press durations exceeding a minimum value, which ranged from 0 to 6.4 sec. When no intertrial intervals separated successive presses, modal press durations remained at very short values as the minimum value required for food was increased. This was particularly true immediatel...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Platt JR,Kuch DO,Bitgood SC

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Japanese quail were classically conditioned to display courting behavior at the sound of a buzzer, a previously neutral stimulus. The buzzer (conditioned stimulus) was paired with the presentation of a female quail (unconditioned stimulus) for a number of trials. The courting display, invariably elicited from the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Farris HE

更新日期：1967-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects pressed a telegraph key to illuminate a meter dial on which pointer deflections appeared at fixed intervals. Upon detecting a deflection they were required to press another key to reset the pointer to zero. This detecting and resetting operation reinforced the behavior of pressing the light-flashing key (i.e....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Laties VG,Weiss B

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons with extensive training pecking a key illuminated by a white line then had brief training with the key illuminated by 555 nanometers. This was immediately followed by a wavelength generalization test in extinction. Dimensional stimulus control about the training wavelength increased with the duration and numbe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weisman RG,Thio H

更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, behavior analysts have studied stimulus equivalence using a matching-to-sample (MTS) preparation. Although researchers have shown the utility of MTS to yield equivalence classes, the procedure requires several prerequisite skills for a learner to accurately respond. Previous research with humans and non...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lantaya CA,Miguel CF,Howland TG,LaFrance DL,Page SV

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Responding under fixed-interval schedules usually generates either scalloped or break-and-run cumulative records. Earlier, it was generally accepted that the characteristic pattern was the scallop, but in recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on the break-and-run pattern. The break-and-run pattern has bee...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dews PB

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observer monkeys were housed next to demonstrator monkeys that were conditioned to respond on a multiple reinforcement schedule whose components were fixed-ratio 32, variable-interval 3-min, and extinction 5-min followed by an additional 30 sec of extinction during which every response started a new 30-sec interval. A...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myers WA

更新日期：1970-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When interreinforcement intervals were equated, pigeons demonstrated little or no preference between reinforcement after a delay interval and reinforcement presented on a fixed-interval schedule. The small preferences sometimes found for the fixed interval (a) were considerably smaller than when the delay and fixed in...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Neuringer AJ

更新日期：1969-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naive rats were trained to respond on one lever in the presence of noise bursts from one speaker and on a second lever in the presence of noise bursts from a second speaker. The speakers were mounted behind the levers. When responding on the lever adjacent to the sounding speaker was reinforced, control developed with...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first five or six sessions on a DRL 20-sec schedule of reinforcement there developed a stable performance characterized by a relatively constant conditional probability of occurrence (IRTs/op) of interresponse times (IRTs) of durations greater than 5 or 6 sec. Extinction and the level of deprivation changed bot...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： REYNOLDS GS

更新日期：1964-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escape responses of squirrel monkeys were reinforced according to a fixed-ratio schedule. The reinforcement was a period of safety from a stimulus that signalled the delivery of intermittent pain-shocks. When the frequency of shock was gradually reduced, the performance remained at a high level until the shocks were q...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： AZRIN NH,HOLZ WC,HAKE DF,AYLLON T

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments compared the amounts of behavioral variability generated with two reinforcement rules. In Experiments 1 and 2 pigeons received food whenever they generated a sequence of eight pecks, distributed over two keys, provided that the sequence contained a certain number of change-overs between the keys. Alt...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Machado A

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What is treated as a single unit of reinforcement often involves what could be called a reinforcement period during which two or more acts of ingestion may occur, and each of these may have associated with it a series of responses, some reflexive, some learned, that lead up to ingestion. Food-tray presentation to a pi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gunn KP

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained on a successive discrete-trial discrimination between two tonal stimuli to examine the effects of availability of a lever during intertrial intervals. In the discrete-trial condition, in which a lever was removed from the chamber during intertrial intervals, 10-s trials were initiated by the presenta...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hachiya S,Ito M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six male albino rats were placed in running wheels and exposed to a fixed-interval 30-s schedule of lever pressing that produced either a drop of sucrose solution or the opportunity to run for a fixed duration as reinforcers. Each reinforcer type was signaled by a different stimulus. In Experiment 1, the duration of r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Belke TW,Hancock SD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning by "following", probably a common means by which behaviors are socially transmitted from adults to young in many species, was analyzed. Pigeons first learned to eat from a human hand. When the hand then approached an operant key and pecked it, the pigeons followed and quickly learned to do the same, thereby d...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bullock D,Neuringer A

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preferences for larger or smaller defined response classes were investigated in a concurrent schedule precedure. Twelve pigeons were run on a series of concurrent variable-interval reinforcement schedules, from which baseline matching functions were obtained. An experimental phase followed, in which a second response ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Leigland SM

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four experiments were conducted with pigeons to assess the experimental conditions necessary for the occurrence of resurgence. The general procedure consisted of the following conditions: Condition 1--reinforcement of key pecking; Condition 2--reinforcement of treadle pressing and concurrent extinction of key pecking;...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lieving GA,Lattal KA

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral effects of various schedules of electric shock presentation were investigated during and after the imprinting of Peking ducklings to moving stimuli. The behavior of following a moving imprinted stimulus was differentially controlled by a multiple schedule of punishment and avoidance that respectively su...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Barrett JE

更新日期：1972-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of acute and daily cocaine on spontaneous behavior patterns of pigeons. After determining the acute effects of a range of doses, 9 pigeons were divided into three groups that received one of three doses of cocaine daily, either 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg cocaine. Measures were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pinkston JW,Branch MN

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five children, ranging in age from 3(1/2) years to 5(1/2) years, were taught various four-response chains using conditioned reinforcement. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of presenting "instruction" stimuli-a sequence of lights over the correct response buttons-to assess their role in facilitating the acquisitio...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan ME

更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five rats responded under concurrent fixed-interval variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement. Fixed-interval values ranged from 50-seconds to 300-seconds and variable-ratio values ranged from 30 to 360; a five-second changeover delay was in effect throughout the experiment. The relations between reinforcement ra...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rider DP

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recurrence of negatively reinforced responding of humans was studied in three experiments. In each experiment during Baseline, key-pressing produced 3-s timeouts from a requirement to exert finger pressure on a force cell according to variable- or fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, resurgence...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Alessandri J,Lattal KA,Cançado CR

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioned suppression was demonstrated in two experiments with rats lever pressing on a fixed-ration 1 schedule for lateral hypothalamic intracranaial stimulation (ICS)'n Experiment I, conditioned suppression of responding for low-intensity ICS was obtained with a moderate intensity of foot shock, In Experiment II, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Russell PJ

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. In Experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. In Experiment 2, food...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wilkie DM,Willson RJ

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lever pressing by squirrel monkeys was examined under second-order schedules of electric shock presentation in which different discriminative stimuli were associated with consecutive components (sequence schedules). Components were always two-minute fixed-interval schedules, and three different overall schedules were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gardner ML,Malagodi EF

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sidman et al.'s (1982) failure to find evidence for symmetry (bidirectional associations between stimuli) in monkeys and baboons set the stage for decades of work on emergent relations in nonhumans. They attributed the failure to the use of procedures that did not (1) promote stimulus control based on the relation bet...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lionello-DeNolf KM

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen children were given four successive circle-size discrimination problems with luminance as the fading stimulus. Children who were first presented with a difficult size discrimination failed to acquire this discrimination. Those who first received an easy discrimination learned the difficult discrimination. At t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doran J,Holland JG

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight retarded adolescents were trained to select one (a trained S+) of two visual stimuli in response to a spoken word (a trained word). Two different visual stimuli alternated randomly as the S-. To determine if the spoken work was merely a temporal discriminative stimulus for when to respond, or if it also specifie...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dixon LS

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00