Some conditions affecting the choice to cooperate or compete.

abstract：:The purpose of this three-experiment study was to evaluate whether performance consistent with the formation of equivalence classes could be established after training adults to tact and intraverbally relate the names of visual stimuli. Fourteen participants were exposed to tact training, listener testing, and intrave...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ma ML,Miguel CF,Jennings AM

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck keys on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement. Both schedules produced a pattern of behavior characterized as pause and run, but the relation of pausing to time between reinforcers differed for the two schedules even when mean time between reinforcers was the same....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Capehart GW,Eckerman DA,Guilkey M,Shull RL

更新日期：1980-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirical investigations of humans, pigeons, rats, and monkeys have indicated that these species will select free over forced choice, even when faced with identical outcomes. However, the same has yet to be quantitatively confirmed in nonhuman great apes. This experiment is the first systematic investigation of prefer...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ritvo SE,MacDonald SE

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen children were given four successive circle-size discrimination problems with luminance as the fading stimulus. Children who were first presented with a difficult size discrimination failed to acquire this discrimination. Those who first received an easy discrimination learned the difficult discrimination. At t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doran J,Holland JG

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Reed DD,Kaplan BA,Becirevic A,Roma PG,Hursh SR

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study investigated the effects of positive and negative GABA(A) modulators under three different baselines of repeated acquisition in squirrel monkeys in which the monkeys acquired a three-response sequence on three keys under a second-order fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of food reinforcement. In two of these ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Campbell UC,Winsauer PJ,Stevenson MW,Moerschbaecher JM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three rats were exposed to a multiple schedule in which separate presentations of light and tone alternated with periods during which light and tone were absent. In Phase 1, light and tone each signalled identical variable-interval schedules of food delivery. In Phase 2, light and tone signalled separate but concurren...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wiltz RA

更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:College students' presses on a telegraph key occasionally turned on a light in the presence of which button presses produced points later exchangeable for money. Initially, responding was maintained by low-rate contingencies superimposed on either random-interval or random-ratio schedules. Later, the low-rate continge...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimoff E,Catania AC,Matthews BA

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Applied to delay discounting data, Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) provides an atheoretical index of the rate of delay discounting. The conventional method of calculating AUC, by summing the areas of the trapezoids formed by successive delay-indifference point pairings, does not account for the fact that most delay discoun...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Borges AM,Kuang J,Milhorn H,Yi R

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Where do equivalence relations come from? One possible answer is that they arise directly from the reinforcement contingency. That is to say, a reinforcement contingency produces two types of outcome: (a) 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or n-term units of analysis that are known, respectively, as operant reinforcement, simple discrim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sidman M

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments demonstrated the pigeon's sensitivity to ultraviolet light. In Experiment I, pigeons' responses were reinforced on a multiple schedule with a variable-interval reinforcement schedule in one component and extinction in the other component. Response rates were quite different in the two components where ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to discriminate a slow click-rate from its absence, or to discriminate it from a faster click-rate. Subsequent click-rate generalization tests produced the usual steepened gradients after the intradimensional discrimination but produced flat gradients after presence/absence discrimination. The occ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams BA

更新日期：1973-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained on a successive discrete-trial discrimination between two tonal stimuli to examine the effects of availability of a lever during intertrial intervals. In the discrete-trial condition, in which a lever was removed from the chamber during intertrial intervals, 10-s trials were initiated by the presenta...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hachiya S,Ito M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments on single, multiple, and concurrent schedules of reinforcement find various correlations between the rate of responding and the rate or magnitude of reinforcement. For concurrent schedules (i.e., simultaneous choice procedures), there is matching between the relative frequencies of responding and reinforce...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ

更新日期：1970-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of methadone on pigeons' key pecking were examined under four conditions selected to analyze the control of behavior under alternative fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedules. In Condition 1, pigeons pecked under one of three different alternative schedules (alternative fixed-ratio 50 fixed-interval 90 s, alterna...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Egli M,Thompson T

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to perform discrimination tasks along two dimensions, wavelength of a circular spot of light and orientation of a white line. Discriminability among stimuli along these dimensions was established for both subjects by means of a steady state testing procedure. The two dimensions were then combi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zuckerman DC

更新日期：1973-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons pecked keys and 5 rats pressed levers for food delivered on variable-interval schedules. During baseline conditions, subjects responded on a variable-interval 40-s schedule throughout the session. During experimental conditions, the programmed rate of reinforcement changed every 10 min in the 50-min sess...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McSweeney FK,Weatherly JN,Swindell S

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Comparison was made of two methods for training monkeys to "observe" a two-member serial position sequence by pressing two consecutively lighted keys and then to "report" the sequence by pressing the same two keys in the same order but without the lights. A fading technique involving gradual elimination of brightness ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mackay HA,Brown SM

更新日期：1971-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When either a timeout period (darkening the response key) or a blackout period (darkening both chamber and response key) was alternated with a stimulus associated with variable-interval reinforcement, behavioral contrast was obtained. Either peck contrast or maintained contrast occurred, depending on whether or not re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sadowsky S

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An interresponse time analysis was used to study the effects of variable-ratio punishment schedules on the temporal pattern of reinforced responding. Twelve pigeons responded on a baseline variable-interval schedule of food reinforcement. A variable-ratio ten schedule of electric shock punishment was then introduced. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lande SD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rhesus monkeys responding under a three-component multiple schedule were administered haloperidol to determine its effects on cocaine self-administration and on cocaine's disruptive effects on the repeated acquisition and performance of response chains. In the absence of haloperidol, 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/infusion of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Winsauer PJ,Moerschbaecher JM,Roussell AM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained under a discrete-trials detection procedure in which one of a set of color stimuli was presented on the center key and a single response turned off the stimulus and illuminated two side keys. Single responses to one or the other side key produced occasional reinforcers depending on the value of th...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,McCarthy D

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Same/Different abstract-concept learning by Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) was tested with novel stimuli following learning of training set expansion (8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, and 1024 picture items). The resulting set-size function was compared to those from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), capuchin ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Magnotti JF,Katz JS,Leonard K,Kelly DM

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory research has shown that when subjects are given a choice between fixed-ratio and bi-valued mixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, preference typically emerges for the mixed-ratio schedule even with a larger ratio requirement. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings to children's mat...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mullane MP,Martens BK,Baxter EL,Steeg DV

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Auto-shaping the pigeon's key-peck response was examined as a respondent conditioning procedure with the use of Rescorla's truly-random control procedure. In the first experiment, pigeons received presentations of brief light on the response key and brief presentations of food where the light and the food were indepen...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bilbrey J,Winokur S

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments are reported which investigated the effects of cost (point loss per response) upon human-observer responses maintained by VI and FI schedules of reinforcement (acquisition of points via critical-signal detections). (I) Cost attenuated VI response rates without substantially disturbing the constancy o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WEINER H

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food-deprived pigeons were presented with a row of four response keys situated above a grain hopper aperture. At the start of a trial, three of four keys were randomly selected and illuminated white for six seconds. After a variable blackout period, one of the three previously white keys and the previously dark key we...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Smith JP,Attwood JC,Niedorowski L

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A paradigm for the control of visual fixation of the macaque monkey in vision experiments was described. Using a Maxwellian view, the procedure permits the placement of discrete test-light stimuli in a specific area of the retina as the monkey fixates a primary target. This procedure holds foveal fixation as other beh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Crawford ML

更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments using human participants varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers or point-loss punishers in two-alternative signal-detection procedures. Experiment 1 varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers for correct responses (Group A) and point-loss punishers for errors (Group B) across condit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00