Controls for and constraints on auto-shaping.

abstract：:Two experiments were conducted to investigate the quantitative relationship between response rate and reinforcement frequency in single and multiple variable-interval avoidance schedules. Responses cancelled delivery of shocks that were scheduled by variable-interval schedules. When shock-frequency reduction was taken...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Villiers PA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yoked pairs of experimentally naive pigeons were exposed to a modified autoshaping procedure in which key pecking by the leader birds postponed both keylight termination and access to grain for the leader and the follower bird. Key pecking developed and was maintained in all birds and continued through two reversals o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Myerson J,Myerson WA,Parker BK

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human altruistic responding (called give responding), which delivered a reinforcer to someone other than the responder, was compared to responding where the responder was the recipient of the reinforcer (called earn responding). The same type of response (button pressing), the same reinforcer (a point representing a p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weiner H

更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study obtained quantitative data on the bodily orientations of rhesus monkeys in a delayed-response task and determined whether such orientations mediate the correct response in a choice trial. The basic task was a two-key chain schedule with the key leading to food signaled in the initial component. During the s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kojima S

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Choice between signaled and unsignaled response-independent food schedules was assessed in three experiments using a commitment procedure. In Experiment 1, subjects tested with a 5-s visual signal consistently changed from the signaled to the unsignaled schedule. Changing from the unsignaled to the signaled schedule w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harsh J,Badia P,Ryan K

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, a group of eight pigeons performed on concurrent random-interval schedules constructed by holding probability equal and varying cycle time to produce ratios of reinforcer densities of 1:1, 3:1, and 5:1 for key pecking. Schedules for a second group of seven were constructed with equal cycle times and u...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rodewald HK

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-three pigeons were subjected to a series of procedures in which the key-peck's effects ranged from immediate, differential food reinforcement, through delayed reinforcement, the production of stimulus changes with and without probable secondary reinforcement, the prevention of food presentation ("food-avoidance...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ,Loveland DH

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared relapse after responding was eliminated by extinction or omission training in rats. In Experiment 1, lever pressing was reinforced with food pellets in Context A and then eliminated with either extinction or omission training in Context B. The response was then tested in Contexts A and B in ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rey CN,Thrailkill EA,Goldberg KL,Bouton ME

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual reinforcers are not part of a regulatory system involved in the maintenance of critical metabolic processes, they differ for males and females, they differ as a function of species and mating system, and they show ontogenetic and seasonal changes related to endocrine conditions. Exposure to a member of the oppo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Crawford LL,Holloway KS,Domjan M

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of acute and daily cocaine on spontaneous behavior patterns of pigeons. After determining the acute effects of a range of doses, 9 pigeons were divided into three groups that received one of three doses of cocaine daily, either 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg cocaine. Measures were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Pinkston JW,Branch MN

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons and other animals sometimes deviate from optimal choice behavior when given informative signals for delayed outcomes. For example, when pigeons are given a choice between an alternative that always leads to food after a delay and an alternative that leads to food only half of the time after a delay, preference...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDevitt MA,Dunn RM,Spetch ML,Ludvig EA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The goal of this study was to determine whether cluster analysis could be used to identify distinct subgroups of text message users based on behavioral economic indices of demand for text messaging. Cluster analysis is an analytic technique that attempts to categorize cases based on similarities across selected variab...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hayashi Y,Friedel JE,Foreman AM,Wirth O

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a conjoint schedule, reinforcement is available simultaneously on two or more schedules for the same response. The present experiments provided food for key pecking on both a random-interval and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. Experiment 1 involved ordinary DRL schedules; Experiment 2 added...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Blakely TF

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been hypothesized that the magnitude-of-reinforcement effect may differ in closed and open experimental economies. We determined the relationship between magnitude of reinforcement and response rate in three feeding conditions: a closed economy in which total intake was unrestricted, a closed economy in which t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Collier G,Johnson DF,Morgan C

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative analysis permits the isolation of invariant relations in the study of behavior. The parameters of these relations can serve as higher-order dependent variables in more extensive analyses. These points are illustrated by reference to quantitative descriptions of performance maintained by concurrent schedul...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral momentum theory relates resistance to change of responding in a multiple-schedule component to the total reinforcement obtained in that component, regardless of how the reinforcers are produced. Four pigeons responded in a series of multiple-schedule conditions in which a variable-interval 40-s schedule arr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McLean AP,Blampied NM

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six male albino rats were placed in running wheels and exposed to a fixed-interval 30-s schedule of lever pressing that produced either a drop of sucrose solution or the opportunity to run for a fixed duration as reinforcers. Each reinforcer type was signaled by a different stimulus. In Experiment 1, the duration of r...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Belke TW,Hancock SD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Applied to delay discounting data, Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) provides an atheoretical index of the rate of delay discounting. The conventional method of calculating AUC, by summing the areas of the trapezoids formed by successive delay-indifference point pairings, does not account for the fact that most delay discoun...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Borges AM,Kuang J,Milhorn H,Yi R

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four rats obtained food pellets by poking a key and 5-s presentations of the discriminative stimuli by pressing a lever. Every 1 or 2 min, the prevailing schedule of reinforcement for key poking alternated between rich (either variable-interval [VI] 30 s or VI 60 s) and lean (either VI 240 s, VI 480 s, or extinction) ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gaynor ST,Shull RL

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following pretraining with everyday objects, 1- to 4-year-old children received listener training with three pairs of arbitrary stimuli of differing shapes. For each pair, 9 children were trained to select one stimulus in response to the spoken word /zog/ and the other to the spoken word /vek/. Next, in the look-at-sa...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Horne PJ,Lowe CF,Randle VR

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six rhesus monkeys responding under a three-component multiple schedule were administered haloperidol to determine its effects on cocaine self-administration and on cocaine's disruptive effects on the repeated acquisition and performance of response chains. In the absence of haloperidol, 0.0032-0.032 mg/kg/infusion of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Winsauer PJ,Moerschbaecher JM,Roussell AM

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment investigated the effects of reinforcer magnitude on resistance to disruption of remembering and response rates. Pigeons were exposed to a variable-interval (VI), delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure with two components (rich and lean, distinguished by differing discriminative stimuli and ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Berry MS,Odum AL

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two successive studies were conducted to determine the possibility of operant reinforcement of nonspecific galvanic skin resistance responses. In the first study, with five experimental and three control subjects who served for 20 to 30 min a day for 10 days, all experimental subjects learned to emit more nonspecific ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gavalas RJ

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The learning efficiency of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was evaluated using auditory discrimination learning-set tasks. Efficiency, as measured by the probability of a correct response on Trial 2 of a new discrete-trial, two-choice auditory discrimination problem, reached levels comparable to those attained by advan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herman LM,Arbeit WR

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proportion of time allocated to one component of a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule was computed for groups of interchangeover times (aggregates) within several intact time series. Variability in obtained proportions decreased as the number of interchangeover times within each aggregate incr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Real PG,Dreyfus LR

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preening in four pigeons was observed and recorded during operant level determinations, continuous and variable interval reinforcement, and extinction. The rate at which preening responses occur seems to be controlled by reinforcement in the same way as other operant behavior. Preening during VI reinforcement and exti...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： HOGAN JA

更新日期：1964-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of varying stimulus disparity and relative punisher frequencies on signal detection by humans. Participants were placed into one of two groups. Group 3 participants were presented with 1:3 and 3:1 punisher frequency ratios, while Group 11 participants were presented with 1:1...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eight rats' lever presses were reinforced after an interruption in a tone, provided the lever had not been pressed before the tone interruption. After a few sessions, long before the animals reliably refrained from lever pressing before the interruption, the latencies of postinterruption presses (time from the termina...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Eisler H

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, behavior analysts have studied stimulus equivalence using a matching-to-sample (MTS) preparation. Although researchers have shown the utility of MTS to yield equivalence classes, the procedure requires several prerequisite skills for a learner to accurately respond. Previous research with humans and non...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lantaya CA,Miguel CF,Howland TG,LaFrance DL,Page SV

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00