Signal modality and choice between signaled and unsignaled food.

abstract：:Punishment of bar-pressing responses of rhesus monkeys with electric shock in one component of a multiple free-operant avoidance schedule suppressed responding in that component. These decreases were concomitant with response rate increases in the unpunished component (punishment contrast). Response rates in both comp...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lattal KA,Griffin MA

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discriminative responding in pigeons was studied under multiple variable-interval extinction and variable-ratio extinction schedules, as deprivation was varied. Generally, the greater the accuracy of discrimination that developed during training, the smaller the effect of deprivation upon subsequent performance. This ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Powell RW

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current experiment examined whether adjusting-amount and adjusting-delay procedures provide equivalent measures of discounting. Pigeons' discounting on the two procedures was compared using a within-subject yoking technique in which the indifference point (number of pellets or time until reinforcement) obtained wi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Green L,Myerson J,Shah AK,Estle SJ,Holt DD

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Bondy AS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, six naive pigeons were trained on a foraging schedule characterized by different states beginning with a search state in which completion of a fixed-interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Abarca N,Fantino E

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual reinforcers are not part of a regulatory system involved in the maintenance of critical metabolic processes, they differ for males and females, they differ as a function of species and mating system, and they show ontogenetic and seasonal changes related to endocrine conditions. Exposure to a member of the oppo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Crawford LL,Holloway KS,Domjan M

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral pharmacology has become increasingly independent of the experimental analysis of behavior. At its beginning, behavioral pharmacology was closely related to the experimental analysis of behavior, with developments in each field aiding the other. Early attempts to systematize data in behavioral pharmacology c...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Branch MN

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two pigeons were trained to peck a key under a free-operant avoidance schedule. Then, changes in key color signalled the beginning (safe period) and the end (warning period) of the response-shock interval, with a response required to change the key color. Finally, a change in key color signalled the warning period and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： De Moraes AB,Todorov JC

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirical investigations of humans, pigeons, rats, and monkeys have indicated that these species will select free over forced choice, even when faced with identical outcomes. However, the same has yet to be quantitatively confirmed in nonhuman great apes. This experiment is the first systematic investigation of prefer...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ritvo SE,MacDonald SE

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Children who have status epilepticus have continuous or rapidly repeating seizures that may be life-threatening and may cause life-long changes in brain and behavior. The extent to which status epilepticus causes deficits in auditory discrimination is unknown. A naturalistic auditory location discrimination method was...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Neill JC,Liu Z,Mikati M,Holmes GL

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multiple schedule having both an appetitive and an avoidance component was maintained in two dogs to create a complex behavioral base line for observing the effects of chlorpromazine. Both soluble and "Spansule" chlorpromazine generated similar functions relating drug dose to measures of behavioral output. Although ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： WALLER MB,WALLER PF

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Head orientation during auditory discriminations was studies in squirrel monkeys using a two-lever trial-by-trial procedure. Animals were studied using auditory discriminations based on the position of the sound and on the spectral content differences between a pure tone and a noise. After the percentage of correct re...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Harrison JM,Briggs RM

更新日期：1977-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three pigeons, previously trained to discriminate different numbers of responses (fixed ratios), were tested under different reinforcement contingencies (payoff matrices) at two levels of sensitivity. For one subject, relative reinforcement magnitude was varied-at first, across sessions and then, at midsession by reve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hobson SL

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four rats obtained food pellets by poking a key and 5-s presentations of the discriminative stimuli by pressing a lever. Every 1 or 2 min, the prevailing schedule of reinforcement for key poking alternated between rich (either variable-interval [VI] 30 s or VI 60 s) and lean (either VI 240 s, VI 480 s, or extinction) ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gaynor ST,Shull RL

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons and other animals sometimes deviate from optimal choice behavior when given informative signals for delayed outcomes. For example, when pigeons are given a choice between an alternative that always leads to food after a delay and an alternative that leads to food only half of the time after a delay, preference...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDevitt MA,Dunn RM,Spetch ML,Ludvig EA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Characteristic patterns of conditioned key-pressing were maintained in the chimpanzee under a multiple 30-response fixed-ratio, 10-minute fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Adjunctive drinking occurred with regularity during the fixed-interval schedule and, with less frequency, during 1-minute timeout perio...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Byrd LD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the rate of reinforcement for pigeons' key pecking varied over time following a sine waveform, performances were more consistent and reliable if a constant-rate reinforcement schedule was concurrently available on a second key than if only the sinewave-varying reinforcement schedule was available. In the two-key ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Johnson DF,Wheeler HP

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Hogan DE

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the first of two experiments, periods of noise were terminated with unavoidable shock to 36 rats. The rats' continuously reinforced responding was later completely suppressed during the noise when it was introduced without shock. The rats were then assigned to nine experimental groups. Each group was exposed to dif...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Blackman D

更新日期：1968-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Temporal schedules of negative reinforcement were derived in a manner analogous to those for positive reinforcement, and two parametric studies were carried out with two of the three defining variables. With some limiting values of the defining variables, escape schedules result and data obtained at these values were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： SIDLEY NA

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons typically do not show evidence for symmetry in two-alternative matching-to-sample but do demonstrate this emergent relation in successive (go/no-go) matching-to-sample. Because the sample and comparison stimuli are presented in the same spatial location (viz., on one key) during successive matching training an...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Swisher M,Urcuioli PJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 3, adult females were taught with verbal instructions and contingencies to select, in sequence, three arbitrary visual stimuli from an array of five stimuli. After four different sequences were taught, match-to-sample tests assessed emergent conditional relations among all stimuli that had been select...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sigurdardottir ZG,Green G,Saunders RR

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, such as functional communication training, are widely used. Research regarding the maintenance of related treatment effects is limited. Nevin and Wacker (2013) provided a conceptual framework, rooted in behavioral momentum theory, for the study of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ringdahl JE,Berg WK,Wacker DP,Crook K,Molony MA,Vargo KK,Neurnberger JE,Zabala K,Taylor CJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments using human participants varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers or point-loss punishers in two-alternative signal-detection procedures. Experiment 1 varied the distribution of point-gain reinforcers for correct responses (Group A) and point-loss punishers for errors (Group B) across condit...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lie C,Alsop B

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamical models based on three steady-state equations for the law of effect were constructed under the assumption that behavior changes in proportion to the difference between current behavior and the equilibrium implied by current reinforcer rates. A comparison of dynamical models showed that a model based on Navaka...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Navakatikyan MA,Davison M

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to respond in a two-link, concurrent-chain schedule. Pecks on each key during the concurrent initial links occasionally produced a 5-min terminal link, during which only that key was operative. Food reinforcement and various intensities of shock were scheduled during the terminal links. When shock...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rachlin H

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three groups of pigeons were trained with a modified discriminative autoshaping procedure to discriminate video images of other pigeons on the basis of movement. Birds of all groups were shown the same video images of other pigeons, which were either moving or still. The group to whom food was presented only after mov...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dittrich WH,Lea SE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of discriminative stimuli on choice in a highly variable environment using a procedure in which multiple two-key concurrent VI VI components changed every 10 reinforcers and were signaled by differential flashes of red and yellow keylights. Across conditions, five pigeons were exposed to a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Krägeloh CU,Elliffe DM,Davison M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A reinforcement-switching procedure was used to produce negatively reinforced key pecking in pigeons. First, key pecking on a chain schedule (fixed-interval 10-sec variable-interval 60-sec) was conditioned using grain reinforcement. Second, intermittent shock in the initial link was introduced at a low intensity and g...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lewis P,Lewin L,Stoyak M,Muehleisen P

更新日期：1974-07-01 00:00:00