Abstract:
:Pigeons were trained under a discrete-trials detection procedure in which one of a set of color stimuli was presented on the center key and a single response turned off the stimulus and illuminated two side keys. Single responses to one or the other side key produced occasional reinforcers depending on the value of the color stimulus. In Experiment 1, one color-stimulus set comprised 559, 564, 569, and 574 nm, and right-key pecks were occasionally reinforced following presentations of members of this set. The other stimulus set comprised 579, 584, 589, and 594 nm, and left-key pecks were occasionally reinforced following presentations of members of this set. Across seven experimental conditions, the left/(left + right) relative reinforcer frequency was varied from .1 to .9. In Experiment 2, one stimulus set contained only one member, 574 nm, and right-key responses were occasionally reinforced following its presentation. Over 12 experimental conditions, two manipulations were carried out. First, the number of stimuli comprising the other stimulus set was increased from one (579 nm) to two (579 and 584 nm) to three (579, 584, and 589 nm) and to four (579, 584, 589, and 594 nm), and left-key responses were reinforced occasionally following center-key presentations of members of this set. Second, for each stimulus combination, the left/(left + right) relative reinforcer frequency was varied from .1 to .5 to .9 across three experimental conditions. The principal finding of Experiments 1 and 2 was that reinforcers and stimuli interacted in their effects on behavior. In Experiment 3, pairs of adjacent stimuli (5 nm apart) in the range 559 to 594 nm were presented in each experimental condition, and the left/(left + right) relative reinforcer frequency was held constant at .5. The data from all three experiments were analyzed according to a detection model describing performance in multiple-stimulus two-response procedures. This model provided independent measures of stimulus discriminability, contingency discriminability, and bias. The analysis showed that (a) consistent with the color-naming function, pigeons were better able to discriminate between higher nanometer values than lower nanometer values; (b) their ability to discriminate between the stimuli was independent of the number of wavelengths comprising each stimulus set; (c) they allocated delivered reinforcers very accurately to the previously emitted response; and (d) no consistent biases emerged.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Davison M,McCarthy Ddoi
10.1901/jeab.1989.51-291subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-05-01 00:00:00pages
291-315issue
3eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Three groups of pigeons were trained with a modified discriminative autoshaping procedure to discriminate video images of other pigeons on the basis of movement. Birds of all groups were shown the same video images of other pigeons, which were either moving or still. The group to whom food was presented only after mov...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1966-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.589
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.100
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.320
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.92-17
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-345
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.22-363
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.203
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.65-495
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1978.30-69
更新日期:1978-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-55
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1965-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely assumed that reinforcers are biologically relevant stimuli, or stimuli that have been associated with biologically relevant stimuli. However, brief, arbitrary stimuli have also been reported to have reinforcement-like effects, despite being unrelated to biologically relevant stimuli like food. The present...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to model hierarchical classification as contextually controlled, generalized relational responding or relational framing. In Experiment 1, a training procedure involving nonarbitrarily related multidimensional stimuli was used to establish two arbitrary shapes as contextual cues for 'memb...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven rats responding under fixed-ratio or variable-ratio schedules of food reinforcement had continuous access to a drinking tube inserted into the operant chamber. Under different conditions they could drink either tap water or one of two saccharin solutions. In a baseline condition, the drinking bottle was empty. P...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2002.77-273
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human altruistic responding (called give responding), which delivered a reinforcer to someone other than the responder, was compared to responding where the responder was the recipient of the reinforcer (called earn responding). The same type of response (button pressing), the same reinforcer (a point representing a p...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1977.27-515
更新日期:1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons and other animals sometimes deviate from optimal choice behavior when given informative signals for delayed outcomes. For example, when pigeons are given a choice between an alternative that always leads to food after a delay and an alternative that leads to food only half of the time after a delay, preference...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implicit learning involves picking up information from the environment without explicit instruction or conscious awareness of the learning process. In nonhuman animals, conscious awareness is impossible to assess, so we define implicit learning as occurring when animals acquire information beyond what is required for ...
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00