Abstract：
:Following pretraining with everyday objects, 10 children aged from 1 to 4 years were given common vocal tact training with a set of three pairs of arbitrary stimuli of differing shapes; Set 1. Nine children learned to tact one stimulus as "zog" and the other as "vek" in each pair, and all passed subsequent pairwise tests for the corresponding listener behavior to each listener stimulus (i.e., /zog/ and /vek/, respectively). The children were next trained to clap to one stimulus of Pair 1 and wave to the other, and all then showed name-consistent transfer of these behaviors to the stimuli of Pair 2 and Pair 3. Seven children also were given a test of listener responding to experimenter-modeled clap and wave gestures, respectively, which they all passed. Four of the children next participated in a category match-to-sample test for the Set 1 stimuli; all 4 passed. For each pair of two additional six-stimuli sets, Set 2 and Set 3, 3 children were trained to wave to one stimulus and to clap to the other. For each set, all 3 children showed perfect transfer of the vocal tacts trained to Set 1, and of listener behavior both to the auditory stimuli /zog/ and /vek/ and to experimenter-modeled clap and wave gestures. They also sorted the stimuli perfectly in category match-to-sample tests for Set 2, Sets 1 and 2 combined, Set 3, and Sets 1, 2, and 3 combined. The results show that even in very young children, naming is a powerful means of generating new category relations among as many as 18 arbitrary stimuli.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Lowe CF,Horne PJ,Hughes JCdoi
10.1901/jeab.2005.31-04subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
47-65issue
1eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present experiment investigated the effects of reinforcer magnitude on resistance to disruption of remembering and response rates. Pigeons were exposed to a variable-interval (VI), delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure with two components (rich and lean, distinguished by differing discriminative stimuli and ...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jeab.86
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons were required to complete three successive fixed-interval components to obtain food. When the same exteroceptive stimulus was correlated with the three components, responding was positively accelerated between food deliveries. When different exteroceptive stimuli were correlated with each component in a fixed ...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1962.5-167
更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Experiment I, a group of eight pigeons performed on concurrent random-interval schedules constructed by holding probability equal and varying cycle time to produce ratios of reinforcer densities of 1:1, 3:1, and 5:1 for key pecking. Schedules for a second group of seven were constructed with equal cycle times and u...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1978.30-301
更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to explore a behavior-analytic model of analogical reasoning, defined as the discrimination of formal similarity via equivalence-equivalence responding. In Experiment 1, adult humans were trained and tested for the formation of four three-member equivalence relations: A1-B1-C1, A2-B2-C2, A3-B...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2002.78-375
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When either a timeout period (darkening the response key) or a blackout period (darkening both chamber and response key) was alternated with a stimulus associated with variable-interval reinforcement, behavioral contrast was obtained. Either peck contrast or maintained contrast occurred, depending on whether or not re...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1973.19-499
更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to multiple variable-interval 2-min variable-interval 2-min schedules of food presentation in which relative duration of food presentation was manipulated. When components alternated every 5 sec and were scheduled on separate response keys, relative response rates closely matched relative reinforc...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1975.24-183
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Shock-induced biting and threat by the male painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) were studied in three experiments. When restrained facing each other, the turtles threatened and bit other turtles in response to electric shock. Shock alone caused turtles to threaten an unshocked turtle; the movements of a shocked...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1971.16-349
更新日期：1971-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous experiments show that the opportunity to engage in schedule-induced responding is reinforcing. In this experiment, the reinforcing strength of schedule-induced drinking was measured. Four rats were trained on a concurrent-chain schedule. The two terminal links provided food pellets on identical fixed-time sch...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1980.33-327
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic research with pigeons on behavioral momentum suggests that differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) can increase the resistance of target behavior to change. This finding suggests that clinical applications of DRA may inadvertently increase the persistence of target behavior even as it decreases ...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2010.93-349
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four pigeons were trained on a multiple reinforcement schedule consisting of two limited-hold schedules, one in which a discriminative stimulus (S(D)) accompanied the periodic reinforcement contingency, and one in which the discriminative stimulus was omitted. The duration of the limited-hold in each component of the ...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1963.6-265
更新日期：1963-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiment 1 investigated whether training subjects to read words aloud would induce correct written spelling of the words even though spelling had no experimental consequences. Training in reading was followed by a weak increment in correct spelling. Experiment 2 investigated whether overtraining in reading would imp...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1982.37-311
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats performed on progressive-ratio schedules that required an increasing number of responses for each successive reinforcement. The number of responses required increased until the subjects failed to complete the next ratio in the sequence within 15 min. Response-ratio increments of two responses, five responses, and...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1974.21-553
更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three groups of 12 pigeons each were trained to discriminate between lights of 550 mmu (S(D)), correlated with 1-min variable-interval reinforcement and 570 mmu (S(Delta)), correlated with extinction. Group A was tested for wavelength generalization in extinction 1 min after meeting the discrimination criterion; Group...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1969.12-105
更新日期：1969-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Auto-shaping the pigeon's key-peck response was examined as a respondent conditioning procedure with the use of Rescorla's truly-random control procedure. In the first experiment, pigeons received presentations of brief light on the response key and brief presentations of food where the light and the food were indepen...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1973.20-323
更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a neutral cue is followed by a significant event such as food delivery, some animals become engaged with the cue itself and acquire cue-directed behaviors. One type of cue-directed behavior is observed following insertion of a lever used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Rats showing robust approach behavior to the...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jeab.104
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When a number of two-stimulus relations are established through training within a set of stimuli, other two-stimulus relations often emerge in the same set without direct training. These, termed "transitive stimulus relations," have been demonstrated with a variety of visual and auditory stimuli. The phenomenon has se...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1984.42-143
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetries) are cues to fitness differences in some animals. Therefore, researchers have considered whether animals use these small asymmetries as visual cues to determine appropriate behavioral responses (e.g., mate preferences). However, there have been few syst...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2007.103-05
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three pigeons were trained to discriminate a 5.0 mg/kg dose of pentobarbital from saline under a two-key concurrent schedule with responding on the key associated with the presession injection, under both stimulus conditions, producing four times as many reinforcers as responding on the other key. This concurrent sche...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1996.65-495
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traditionally, behavior analysts have studied stimulus equivalence using a matching-to-sample (MTS) preparation. Although researchers have shown the utility of MTS to yield equivalence classes, the procedure requires several prerequisite skills for a learner to accurately respond. Previous research with humans and non...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jeab.326
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The joint control of rate of key pecking in pigeons by stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relationships was studied in the context of a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Food presentation was always associated with one component and extinction with the other. The stimulus-reinforcer relationsh...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1977.28-133
更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the first five or six sessions on a DRL 20-sec schedule of reinforcement there developed a stable performance characterized by a relatively constant conditional probability of occurrence (IRTs/op) of interresponse times (IRTs) of durations greater than 5 or 6 sec. Extinction and the level of deprivation changed bot...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1964.7-415
更新日期：1964-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1984.41-i35
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The information hypothesis of conditioned reinforcement predicts that a stimulus that "reduces uncertainty" about the outcome of a trial will acquire reinforcing properties, even when the stimulus reliably predicts nonreinforcement. Four pigeons' key pecks produced one of two 5-sec stimuli with 0.50 probability accord...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1976.26-45
更新日期：1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A procedure is described for establishing an operant response in goats. The operanda are two lucite panels which can be transilluminated. The goats press the panels with their muzzles and are reinforced with whole oats. All six subjects showed reliable and accurate performance in brightness discrimination, including c...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1964.7-263
更新日期：1964-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiment examined the effects of varying stimulus disparity and relative punisher frequencies on signal detection by humans. Participants were placed into one of two groups. Group 3 participants were presented with 1:3 and 3:1 punisher frequency ratios, while Group 11 participants were presented with 1:1...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2010.93-185
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons, trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline under a procedure requiring the bird to track the location of a color, received cumulative doses of phencyclidine, pentobarbital, or d-amphetamine with a variety of schedules of reinforcement in effect (across phases). When the same second-order schedules were...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1984.42-51
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons worked on concurrent variable-interval, variable-interval schedules with the alternatives signaled by slides either containing trees or not. The schedules were designed to hold both overall and relative rates of reinforcement within narrowly constrained limits, and slides were quasi-randomly ordered each day. ...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.1987.47-5
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By definition, all of the stimuli in an equivalence class have to be functionally interchangeable with each other. The present experiment, however, demonstrated that this was not the case when using post-class-formation dual-option response transfer tests. With college students, two 4-node 6-member equivalence classes...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2008-89-359
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Equivalence class formation by college students was influenced through the prior acquisition of conditional discriminative functions by one of the abstract stimuli (C) in the to-be-formed classes. Participants in the GR-0, GR-1, and GR-5 groups attempted to form classes under the simultaneous protocol, after mastering...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jeab.141
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parallel experiments with rats and pigeons examined reasons for previous findings that in choices with probabilistic delayed reinforcers, rats' choices were affected by the time between trials whereas pigeons' choices were not. In both experiments, the animals chose between a standard alternative and an adjusting alte...
journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1901/jeab.2011.95-41
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
