OPERANT CONDITIONING OF GOATS.

abstract：:Pigeons, trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline under a procedure requiring the bird to track the location of a color, received cumulative doses of phencyclidine, pentobarbital, or d-amphetamine with a variety of schedules of reinforcement in effect (across phases). When the same second-order schedules were...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McMillan DE,Wenger GR

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hungry rats received food following lever-press durations exceeding a minimum value, which ranged from 0 to 6.4 sec. When no intertrial intervals separated successive presses, modal press durations remained at very short values as the minimum value required for food was increased. This was particularly true immediatel...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Platt JR,Kuch DO,Bitgood SC

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laboratory research has shown that when subjects are given a choice between fixed-ratio and bi-valued mixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement, preference typically emerges for the mixed-ratio schedule even with a larger ratio requirement. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings to children's mat...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mullane MP,Martens BK,Baxter EL,Steeg DV

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food-deprived golden hamsters in a large enclosure received food every 30 sec contingent on lever pressing, or free while their behavior was continuously recorded in terms of an exhaustive classification of motor patterns. As with other species in other situations, behavior became organized into two main classes. One ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Anderson MC,Shettleworth SJ

更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analyses of free-operant choice usually employ one of two general procedures: the simple concurrent procedure (i.e., a concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule) or the concurrent-chains procedure (i.e., concurrently available initial links, each leading to an exclusively available terminal link). Theori...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Vaughan W

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:College students' presses on a telegraph key occasionally turned on a light in the presence of which button presses produced points later exchangeable for money. Initially, responding was maintained by low-rate contingencies superimposed on either random-interval or random-ratio schedules. Later, the low-rate continge...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimoff E,Catania AC,Matthews BA

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parallel and serial timing processes are analyzed for their account of the dynamics of intertrial responding in the peak procedure. A strictly serial model, such as the behavioral theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988), does not fit the dynamic correlation pattern in the location and duration of the middle high-...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gibbon J,Church RM

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The learning efficiency of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was evaluated using auditory discrimination learning-set tasks. Efficiency, as measured by the probability of a correct response on Trial 2 of a new discrete-trial, two-choice auditory discrimination problem, reached levels comparable to those attained by advan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herman LM,Arbeit WR

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons acquired discriminated key pecking between 528- and 540-nm stimuli by either a response-reinforcer (operant group) or a stimulus-reinforcer (autoshaped group) contingency, with other training-schedule parameters comparable over groups. For the birds in the operant group, key pecks intermittently produced grain...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weiss SJ,Weissman RD

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five different reinforcement durations occurred randomly within each session on fixed interval 60-sec. Postreinforcement pause was directly related (and "running" rate inversely related) to the duration of reinforcement initiating each fixed interval. ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Staddon JE

更新日期：1970-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three groups of pigeons were trained with a modified discriminative autoshaping procedure to discriminate video images of other pigeons on the basis of movement. Birds of all groups were shown the same video images of other pigeons, which were either moving or still. The group to whom food was presented only after mov...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dittrich WH,Lea SE

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to respond in a two-link, concurrent-chain schedule. Pecks on each key during the concurrent initial links occasionally produced a 5-min terminal link, during which only that key was operative. Food reinforcement and various intensities of shock were scheduled during the terminal links. When shock...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rachlin H

更新日期：1967-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, two groups of four pigeons each were exposed to multiple schedules in which one component was always a variable-interval schedule with a mean interreinforcement interval of 30 or 180 seconds. The other component was either an equal variable-interval schedule or extinction. Response rates in the unchan...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Spealman RD,Gollub LR

更新日期：1974-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data were obtained with rats on the effects of interresponse time contingent reinforcement of the lever press response using schedules in which interresponse times falling within either of two temporal intervals could be reinforced. Some of the findings were (a) the mode of the interresponse time distribution generall...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Malott RW,Cumming WW

更新日期：1966-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Newly hatched ducklings were exposed to imprinting procedures and subsequently trained to peck a key by presenting the imprinting stimulus as the reinforcing (response-contingent) event. Individual ducklings then lived in the apparatus under an arrangement in which each peck produced a 15-sec stimulus presentation. Fo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hoffman HS,Kozma F Jr

更新日期：1967-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of patch encounter rate on patch choice and meal patterns were studied in rats foraging in a laboratory environment offering two patch types that were encountered sequentially and randomly. The cost of procuring access to one patch was greater than the other. Patches were either encountered equally often o...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Collier G,Johnson DF,Berman J

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resurgence refers to the recurrence of an extinguished target behavior following subsequent suspension of alternative reinforcement. Delivery of reinforcers during extinction of alternative behavior has been shown to mitigate resurgence. The present experiment aimed to determine whether delivering stimuli associated w...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Craig AR,Browning KO,Shahan TA

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a multiple schedule which provided equally frequent reinforcement in the presence of two stimuli but which produced markedly different rates of key-pecking. Generalization gradients were displaced away from the stimulus associated with the lower rate of key-pecking. Another group of pigeons had...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Yarczower M,Gollub LR,Dickson JF

更新日期：1968-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peak procedure was used to study temporal control in pigeons exposed to seven fixed-interval schedules ranging from 7.5 to 480 s. The focus was on behavior in individual intervals. Quantitative properties of temporal control depended on whether the aspect of behavior considered was initial pause duration, the poin...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Powell DG

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained to detect differences in light intensity. Two stimuli, S1 and S2, differing in intensity, were arranged on the center key of a three-key chamber according to set probabilities. A peck on the center key turned on the two side keys. When S1 was presented on the center key, a peck on the left ke...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McCarthy D,Davison M

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two experiments demonstrated the pigeon's sensitivity to ultraviolet light. In Experiment I, pigeons' responses were reinforced on a multiple schedule with a variable-interval reinforcement schedule in one component and extinction in the other component. Response rates were quite different in the two components where ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen children were given four successive circle-size discrimination problems with luminance as the fading stimulus. Children who were first presented with a difficult size discrimination failed to acquire this discrimination. Those who first received an easy discrimination learned the difficult discrimination. At t...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Doran J,Holland JG

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the rate of reinforcement for pigeons' key pecking varied over time following a sine waveform, performances were more consistent and reliable if a constant-rate reinforcement schedule was concurrently available on a second key than if only the sinewave-varying reinforcement schedule was available. In the two-key ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Johnson DF,Wheeler HP

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Observing responses by pigeons were studied during sessions in which a food key and an observing key were available continuously. A variable-interval schedule and extinction alternated randomly on the food key. In one condition, food-key pecking during extinction decreased reinforcement frequency during the next varia...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Allen KD,Lattal KA

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food-deprived pigeons were presented with a row of four response keys situated above a grain hopper aperture. At the start of a trial, three of four keys were randomly selected and illuminated white for six seconds. After a variable blackout period, one of the three previously white keys and the previously dark key we...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Smith JP,Attwood JC,Niedorowski L

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have shown that both cocaine and d,l-cathinone can function as positive reinforces when delivered intravenously to rhesus monkeys. However, the relative reinforcing efficacies of these compounds have not been established. In the present experiment, three rhesus monkeys were allowed to choose betwe...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woolverton WL,Johanson CE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD

更新日期：1972-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Key pecking of 4 pigeons was studied under a two-component multiple schedule in which food deliveries were arranged according to a fixed and a variable interfood interval. The percentage of response-dependent food in each component was varied, first in ascending (0, 10, 30, 70 and 100%) and then in descending orders, ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kuroda T,Cançado CR,Lattal KA,Elcoro M,Dickson CA,Cook JE

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In simple situations, animals consistently choose the better of two alternatives. On concurrent variable-interval variable-interval and variable-interval variable-ratio schedules, they approximately match aggregate choice and reinforcement ratios. The matching law attempts to explain the latter result but does not add...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Hinson JM,Staddon JE

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grain was briefly presented to food-deprived pigeons intermittently and response-independently except during signaled timeouts. During Experiment 1, key pecks postponed the next timeout for a specified interval. Rates of pecking during time in were inversely related to the length of time pecking postponed the next tim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Galbicka G,Branch MN

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00