Abstract:
:In simple situations, animals consistently choose the better of two alternatives. On concurrent variable-interval variable-interval and variable-interval variable-ratio schedules, they approximately match aggregate choice and reinforcement ratios. The matching law attempts to explain the latter result but does not address the former. Hill-climbing rules such as momentary maximizing can account for both. We show that momentary maximizing constrains molar choice to approximate matching; that molar choice covaries with pigeons' momentary-maximizing estimate; and that the "generalized matching law" follows from almost any hill-climbing rule.
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Hinson JM,Staddon JEdoi
10.1901/jeab.1983.40-321subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-11-01 00:00:00pages
321-31issue
3eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A theory of attending and reinforcement in conditional discriminations is extended to working memory in delayed matching to sample by adding terms for disruption of attending during the retention interval. Like its predecessor, the theory assumes that reinforcers and disruptors affect the independent probabilities of ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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更新日期:1978-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
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更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-291
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons could produce food by pecking exactly four times on each of two keys, in any order. In the first experiment, these response sequences were reinforced on a series of multiple schedules of variable-interval reinforcement. In the second experiment, these response sequences were reinforced on a series of concurren...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.45-283
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1967-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-571
更新日期:1968-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.55-3
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.39-457
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2005.94-03
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1968.11-147
更新日期:1968-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.59-389
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.65-401
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2000.74-127
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-345
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-3
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional component...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1989.52-387
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.616
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2002.77-273
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1981.35-55
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and s...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-193
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesized that the magnitude-of-reinforcement effect may differ in closed and open experimental economies. We determined the relationship between magnitude of reinforcement and response rate in three feeding conditions: a closed economy in which total intake was unrestricted, a closed economy in which t...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percentage of fixed intervals terminating with food presentation was varied parametrically. Intervals that did not end with food were terminated by a stimulus uncorrelated with food presentation (a timeout stimulus). In Experiment I, the pigeons' response rates were an inverted U-shaped function of the percentage ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1972.17-177
更新日期:1972-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatments based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, such as functional communication training, are widely used. Research regarding the maintenance of related treatment effects is limited. Nevin and Wacker (2013) provided a conceptual framework, rooted in behavioral momentum theory, for the study of...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.308
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five pigeons were exposed to an unsignalled avoidance procedure where key pecks were maintained through shock postponement. Functions obtained showed an inverse relationship between rate of responding and length of the response-shock interval, while changes in the shock-shock interval had no systematic effect on respo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1974-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments, key pecking of pigeons was maintained by a variable-interval 180-s schedule of food presentation. Conjointly, a second schedule delivered response-dependent electric shock. In the first experiment, shocks were presented according to either a variable-interval or a nondifferential interval-percentil...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1992.58-361
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavior is a property of living organisms, not of inanimate matter. The problems of physical science are to understand how a phenomenon works; biological science adds the questions of what a phenomenon does and how something that does such things came to be. Exclusive dedication to cause-effect explanations ignores h...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00