Conditional discrimination learning: a critique and amplification.

abstract：:The effect of food reinforcement schedules on the reinforcement value of drinking water was evaluated. Food-deprived rats were exposed to concurrent, identical variable-time schedules of food presentation, the food thus being delivered independently of the rats' behavior. When the relative amount of time spent in a sc...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cohen IL

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were used to test the hypothesis that the source of reinforcement for observing behavior is the information that it provides concerning the schedule of primary reinforcement. On a variable-interval schedule, pecking the left-hand key produced a 30-sec display of such information. During this 30-sec period...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Dinsmoor JA,Browne MP,Lawrence CE

更新日期：1972-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five pigeons were trained to detect differences in light intensity. Two stimuli, S1 and S2, differing in intensity, were arranged on the center key of a three-key chamber according to set probabilities. A peck on the center key turned on the two side keys. When S1 was presented on the center key, a peck on the left ke...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McCarthy D,Davison M

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have demonstrated that presenting independently established discriminative stimuli in compound can substantially increase operant responding maintained by food reinforcement or shock avoidance. Recently, this phenomenon was also shown to occur with cocaine self-administration. The present study fu...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Panlilio LV,Weiss SJ,Schindler CW

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five groups of pigeons were food reinforced on various schedules. Half of each group were extinguished in the normal manner; the others were presented with a stimulus change, previously paired with reinforcement, each time they completed their respective fixed ratios. Response rate in training was an increasing negati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weissman NW,Crossman EK

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Panel pressing was generated and maintained in 5 adult humans by schedules of points exchangeable for money. Following exposure to a variable-interval 30-s schedule and to a linear variable-interval 30-s schedule (which permitted points to accumulate in an unseen "store" in the absence of responding), subjects were ex...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Jacobs EA,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of rats trained on multiple variable-interval schedules was examined before, during, and after punishment. The same linear function related relative response rates to relative density of reinforcement both in the presence and absence of punishment. Equal relative suppression was seen in both the high a...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Tullis C,Walters G

更新日期：1968-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Six pigeons were trained on concurrent variable-interval schedules in which two different travel times between alternatives, 4.5 and 0.5 s, were randomly arranged. In Part 1, the next travel time was signaled while the subjects were responding on each alternative. Generalized matching analyses of performance in the pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Davison M,Elliffe D

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current experiment examined whether adjusting-amount and adjusting-delay procedures provide equivalent measures of discounting. Pigeons' discounting on the two procedures was compared using a within-subject yoking technique in which the indifference point (number of pellets or time until reinforcement) obtained wi...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Green L,Myerson J,Shah AK,Estle SJ,Holt DD

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a neutral cue is followed by a significant event such as food delivery, some animals become engaged with the cue itself and acquire cue-directed behaviors. One type of cue-directed behavior is observed following insertion of a lever used as a conditioned stimulus (CS). Rats showing robust approach behavior to the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Olshavsky ME,Shumake J,Rosenthal AA,Kaddour-Djebbar A,Gonzalez-Lima F,Setlow B,Lee HJ

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Where do equivalence relations come from? One possible answer is that they arise directly from the reinforcement contingency. That is to say, a reinforcement contingency produces two types of outcome: (a) 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or n-term units of analysis that are known, respectively, as operant reinforcement, simple discrim...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Sidman M

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of organisms to detect reinforcer-rate changes in choice preparations is positively related to two factors: the magnitude of the change in rate and the frequency with which rates change. Gallistel (2012) suggested similar rate-detection processes are responsible for decreases in responding during operant e...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Craig AR,Shahan TA

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study obtained quantitative data on the bodily orientations of rhesus monkeys in a delayed-response task and determined whether such orientations mediate the correct response in a choice trial. The basic task was a two-key chain schedule with the key leading to food signaled in the initial component. During the s...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Kojima S

更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of discriminative stimuli on choice in a highly variable environment using a procedure in which multiple two-key concurrent VI VI components changed every 10 reinforcers and were signaled by differential flashes of red and yellow keylights. Across conditions, five pigeons were exposed to a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Krägeloh CU,Elliffe DM,Davison M

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Urcuioli PJ,DeMarse TB,Lionello KM

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Japanese quail were classically conditioned to display courting behavior at the sound of a buzzer, a previously neutral stimulus. The buzzer (conditioned stimulus) was paired with the presentation of a female quail (unconditioned stimulus) for a number of trials. The courting display, invariably elicited from the...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Farris HE

更新日期：1967-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An implementation of punishment in the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamics is proposed, and is applied to responding on concurrent schedules of reinforcement with superimposed punishment. In this implementation, punishment causes behaviors to mutate, and to do so with a higher probability in a lean reinforcement ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Klapes B

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Punishment of bar-pressing responses of rhesus monkeys with electric shock in one component of a multiple free-operant avoidance schedule suppressed responding in that component. These decreases were concomitant with response rate increases in the unpunished component (punishment contrast). Response rates in both comp...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lattal KA,Griffin MA

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment I, keylight was paired with inaccessible grain delivery (under two conditions of keylight intensity) to determine if autoshaping would occur in the absence of primary reinforcement. In Experiment II, the procedure was repeated with accessible grain, for comparison. In Experiment III, the procedures were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zentall TR,Hogan DE

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four male pigmented rats were exposed to a procedure designed to investigate the relation between several performance measures and a schedule continuum ranging from FR 36 to FI 2 through four intermediate interlocking schedules. On all schedules, each subject developed a stable performance that was generally break-and...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： BERRYMAN R,NEVIN JA

更新日期：1962-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the experiment was to study the relation between what an organism does in a setting that demands temporal patterning of behavior and what it reports it has done. More specifically, a pigeon produced two classes, shorter and longer, of temporal patterns of key pecks (interresponse times) on a center key....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Shimp CP

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three rats were exposed to a second-order schedule in which fixed-interval components ended either with food or with a brief stimulus that was never paired with food. Food and the brief stimulus occurred in a random sequence (variable-ratio 2 overall schedule). Another three rats were exposed to a similar second-order...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Corfield-Sumner PK,Blackman DE,Stainer G

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Temporal schedules of negative reinforcement were derived in a manner analogous to those for positive reinforcement, and two parametric studies were carried out with two of the three defining variables. With some limiting values of the defining variables, escape schedules result and data obtained at these values were ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： SIDLEY NA

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytic methods of signal detection theory were employed to assess the utility of reinforcers. Four pigeons were trained to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus by pecking one of two side keys in a trial-by-trial choice paradigm. The relative rate of positive reinforcement for correct choices was varied to of...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA,Nevin JA

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a conjoint schedule, reinforcement is available simultaneously on two or more schedules for the same response. The present experiments provided food for key pecking on both a random-interval and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. Experiment 1 involved ordinary DRL schedules; Experiment 2 added...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zeiler MD,Blakely TF

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discriminative responding in pigeons was studied under multiple variable-interval extinction and variable-ratio extinction schedules, as deprivation was varied. Generally, the greater the accuracy of discrimination that developed during training, the smaller the effect of deprivation upon subsequent performance. This ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Powell RW

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a response key is briefly illuminated before a grain reinforcer is presented, key pecking is reliably developed and maintained in pigeons, even if pecking prevents reinforcement (negative automaintenance). This experiment demonstrated that pigeons are sensitive to a negative response-reinforcer contingency, even ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Schwartz B,Williams DR

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were exposed to a foraging schedule characterized by three different states, beginning with a search state in which completion of a variable interval on a white key led to a choice state. In the choice state the subject could, by appropriate responding on a fixed ratio of three, either accept or reject the sch...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Ito M,Fantino E

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the rate of reinforcement for pigeons' key pecking varied over time following a sine waveform, performances were more consistent and reliable if a constant-rate reinforcement schedule was concurrently available on a second key than if only the sinewave-varying reinforcement schedule was available. In the two-key ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Johnson DF,Wheeler HP

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To study how effort affects reward value, we replicated Fortes, Vasconcelos and Machado's (2015) study using an adjusting-delay task. Nine pigeons chose between a standard alternative that gave access to 4 s of food, after a 10 s delay, and an adjusting-delay alternative that gave access to 12 s of food after a delay ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： García-Leal Ó,Barrón E,Camarena-Pérez H,Vílchez Z

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00