Sample-duration effects on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of predictability of duration.

abstract：:Pigeons pecked a key under two-component multiple variable-ratio schedules that offered 8-s or 2-s access to grain. Phase 1 assessed the effects of differences in reinforcer magnitude on postreinforcement pausing, as a function of ratio size. In Phase 2, postreinforcement pausing and the first five interresponse times...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Blakely E,Schlinger H

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral pharmacology has become increasingly independent of the experimental analysis of behavior. At its beginning, behavioral pharmacology was closely related to the experimental analysis of behavior, with developments in each field aiding the other. Early attempts to systematize data in behavioral pharmacology c...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Branch MN

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In three experiments, pigeons chose between two alternatives that differed in the probability of reinforcement and the delay to reinforcement. A peck at a red key led to a delay of 5 s and then a possible reinforcer. A peck at a green key led to an adjusting delay and then a certain reinforcer. This delay was adjusted...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interresponse-time reinforcement contingencies and distributions of interreinforcement intervals characteristic of certain variable-interval schedules were mimicked by reinforcing each key peck with a probability equal to the duration of the interresponse time it terminated, divided by the scheduled mean interrein...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Platt JR

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrimination between two successively alternating stimuli was trained under conditions that maintained equal frequencies of reinforcement in the presence of each of the discriminative stimuli (S1 and S2) but that also reduced the rate of responding to S2. These conditions included a multiple variable-interval diff...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Terrace HS

更新日期：1968-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subjects pressed a telegraph key to illuminate a meter dial on which pointer deflections appeared at fixed intervals. Upon detecting a deflection they were required to press another key to reset the pointer to zero. This detecting and resetting operation reinforced the behavior of pressing the light-flashing key (i.e....

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Laties VG,Weiss B

更新日期：1963-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a two-key concurrent variable-interval schedule (using pigeons), if the reinforcement frequency for one response is held constant while that for the other is increased, the rate of response on the constant key decreases. The immediate reinforcement for key pecking can usually be conceptualized as the change from a ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Michael JL

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained on a non-spatial delayed alternation task in which the color not pecked on the previous trial was correct. When varying delays were interposed between trials, alternation accuracy decreased as a function of delay, but remained greater than chance with a 45-sec delay. Successful alternation on the ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Williams BA

更新日期：1971-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food-deprived pigeons were presented with a row of four response keys situated above a grain hopper aperture. At the start of a trial, three of four keys were randomly selected and illuminated white for six seconds. After a variable blackout period, one of the three previously white keys and the previously dark key we...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Smith JP,Attwood JC,Niedorowski L

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Experiment 1, 2 monkeys earned their daily food ration by pressing a key that delivered food according to a variable-interval 3-min schedule. In Phases 1 and 4, sessions ended after 3 hr. In Phases 2 and 3, sessions ended after a fixed number of responses that reduced food intake and body weights from levels during...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Silberberg A,Bauman R,Hursh S

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Is a conditioned aversive stimulus necessary in avoidance conditioning? Or is a reduction in the rate of aversive stimulation alone sufficient to generate and maintain an avoidance response? Rats were subjected to an avoidance procedure in which shocks occurred randomly in time, but a response could reduce the overall...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ,Hineline PN

更新日期：1966-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Task contingencies were modeled from bureaucratic organizations in which vague job descriptions provide incomplete contingency specifications. Response rates within dyads were examined using two nonsocial, two social, and two control contingencies. In the first social contingency, responses by the superior produced mo...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rao RK,Mawhinney TC

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With concurrent chains arranged for a pigeon's key pecks, pecks on two concurrently available initial-link keys (left and right) respectively produce separately operating terminal links (A and B). Preferences for terminal link A over terminal link B are usually calculated as deviations of relative initial-link respons...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Cerutti DT,Catania AC

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In experiments on operant behavior, other activities, called "background" activities, compete with the operant activities. Herrnstein's (1970) formulation of the matching law included background reinforcers in the form of a parameter rO, but remained vague about the activities (BO) that produce rO. To gain more unders...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Baum WM,Davison M

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The joint control of rate of key pecking in pigeons by stimulus-reinforcer and response-reinforcer relationships was studied in the context of a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Food presentation was always associated with one component and extinction with the other. The stimulus-reinforcer relationsh...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Woodruff G,Conner N,Gamzu E,Williams DR

更新日期：1977-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck with differing force requirements on a key specially designed to measure and control force of pecking without changes in the mechanical threshold. Following training on a key illuminated by a single wavelength, a generalization test was given. Force and rate gradients were obtained. Force ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： COLE JL

更新日期：1965-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetries) are cues to fitness differences in some animals. Therefore, researchers have considered whether animals use these small asymmetries as visual cues to determine appropriate behavioral responses (e.g., mate preferences). However, there have been few syst...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Swaddle JP,Johnson CW

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four experiments were conducted with pigeons to assess the experimental conditions necessary for the occurrence of resurgence. The general procedure consisted of the following conditions: Condition 1--reinforcement of key pecking; Condition 2--reinforcement of treadle pressing and concurrent extinction of key pecking;...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Lieving GA,Lattal KA

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two multiple-schedule experiments with pigeons examined the effect of adding food reinforcement from an alternative source on the resistance of the reinforced response (target response) to the decremental effects of satiation and extinction. In Experiment 1, key pecks were reinforced by food in two components accordin...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Nevin JA,Tota ME,Torquato RD,Shull RL

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four pigeons responded under a two-component multiple schedule of reinforcement. Responses were reinforced in one component under a variable-ratio schedule and in the other component under a variable-interval schedule. It was found that when rates of reinforcement were equal in the two components, the rate of response...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Zuriff GE

更新日期：1970-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkeys were trained and tested in visual and auditory list-memory tasks with sequences of four travel pictures or four natural/environmental sounds followed by single test items. Acquisitions of the visual list-memory task are presented. Visual recency (last item) memory diminished with retention delay, and pr...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Wright AA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In two experiments, pigeons were exposed to concurrent-chains schedules in which a single initial-link variable-interval schedule led to access to terminal links composed of fixed-interval or fixed-delay schedules. In Experiment 1, an 8-s (or 16-s) delay to reinforcement was associated with the standard key, while rei...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Omino T,Ito M

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five rats pressed levers on variable-interval schedules of water reinforcement at various levels of water deprivation. In one phase of the experiment, three deprivation conditions that replicated conditions in Heyman and Monaghan (1987) were arranged, along with three less extreme deprivation conditions. In a second p...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： McDowell JJ,Dallery J

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five groups of pigeons were food reinforced on various schedules. Half of each group were extinguished in the normal manner; the others were presented with a stimulus change, previously paired with reinforcement, each time they completed their respective fixed ratios. Response rate in training was an increasing negati...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Weissman NW,Crossman EK

更新日期：1966-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Operant conditioning techniques were applied to the study of how target fixations are controlled by the probability of signal occurrence. In a standard vigilance setting, gaze at three illuminable volt meters was monitored by a Mackworth television eye camera with automatic recording capability. Gaze at a given meter ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Rosenberger PB

更新日期：1973-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-three pigeons were subjected to a series of procedures in which the key-peck's effects ranged from immediate, differential food reinforcement, through delayed reinforcement, the production of stimulus changes with and without probable secondary reinforcement, the prevention of food presentation ("food-avoidance...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Herrnstein RJ,Loveland DH

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multivariate analysis is concerned with more than one dependent variable simultaneously. Models that generate event records have a privileged status in a multivariate analysis. From a model that generates event records, we may compute predictions for any dependent variable associated with those event records. Howeve...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Li D,Elliffe D,Hautus MJ

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrete-trials adjusting-delay procedure was used to investigate the conditions under which pigeons might show a preference for partial reinforcement over 100% reinforcement, an effect reported in a number of previous experiments. A peck on a red key always led to a delay with red houselights and then food. In each...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Mazur JE

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior maintained by intravenously delivered alfentanil, cocaine, or ketamine was assessed using a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. As the dose of each drug was increased, rate of responding also increased up to a maximum. Further increases in dose resulted in decreased response rates (inverted U-shaped curve)...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Skjoldager P,Winger G,Woods JH

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four rats obtained food pellets by poking a key and 5-s presentations of the discriminative stimuli by pressing a lever. Every 1 or 2 min, the prevailing schedule of reinforcement for key poking alternated between rich (either variable-interval [VI] 30 s or VI 60 s) and lean (either VI 240 s, VI 480 s, or extinction) ...

journal_title：Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior

authors： Gaynor ST,Shull RL

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00