Abstract:
:With concurrent chains arranged for a pigeon's key pecks, pecks on two concurrently available initial-link keys (left and right) respectively produce separately operating terminal links (A and B). Preferences for terminal link A over terminal link B are usually calculated as deviations of relative initial-link response rates (left divided by total pecks) from those during baseline conditions, when A equals B. Baseline preferences, however, are often variable and typically are determined indirectly (e.g., with unequal A and B, reversing left-right assignments of A and B over sessions and estimating the baseline from differences between the relative rates generated). Multiple concurrent-chain schedules, with components each consisting of a pair of concurrent chains, speed the determination of preferences by arranging A and B and their reversal within sessions. In two experiments illustrating the feasibility of this procedure, one component operated with circles projected on initial-link keys and the other with pluses; when left and right initial-link pecks respectively produced terminal links A and B in one component, they produced B and A in the other. Even as the baselines fluctuated, preference was observable within sessions as the difference between relative initial-link response rates in the two components. The first experiment demonstrated the rapid development of preferences when terminal links A and B consisted of fixed-interval 15-s and 30-s schedules. The second demonstrated the sensitivity of the procedure to preference for a fixed-interval 30-s schedule operating for pecks on either of two keys (free choice) over its operating for pecks on only a single key (forced choice).
journal_name
J Exp Anal Behavjournal_title
Journal of the experimental analysis of behaviorauthors
Cerutti DT,Catania ACdoi
10.1901/jeab.1986.46-211subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-09-01 00:00:00pages
211-8issue
2eissn
0022-5002issn
1938-3711journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Murray Sidman's book, Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology, published in 1960, has been called the bible of the experimental analysis of behavior and has been a major influence on basic as well as applied research in behavior analysis. The contents of the early reviews of the book...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.645
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in assessment methodology have resulted in a highly efficient procedure for obtaining delay discounting rates for adults: a 5-trial adjusting delay task (ADT-5) examining intertemporal choice for hypothetical rewards. The low participant burden of this task makes it potentially useful for children, wit...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.493
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After 25 free-operant avoidance training sessions, a 1-min signal followed by a brief shock was presented on the average of once every 4 min. During the signal, the avoidance schedule was suspended (20 sessions). Response rates during the signal were markedly reduced. Shock rates during non-signalled periods increased...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.14-331
更新日期:1970-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve preschool children participated in a study of the effects of explicit training on the imitation of modeled behavior. The responses trained involved a marble-dropping pattern that differed from the modeled pattern. Training consisted of physical prompts and verbal praise during a single session. No prompts or pr...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1982.37-135
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study uses a curve-fitting approach to evaluate the effects of drugs on reinforced responding in rats. The subjects obtained reinforcement according to a series of five different variable-interval schedules (a five-component multiple schedule). For each rat, pimozide, a neuroleptic, decreased response rate, and t...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1983.40-113
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments assessed the impact of sample duration on pigeons' delayed matching as a function of whether or not the samples themselves signaled how long they would remain on. When duration was uncorrelated with the sample appearing on each matching trial, the typical effect of duration was observed: Choice accur...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1999.72-279
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a residential research ward coffee drinking was studied in 9 volunteer human subjects with histories of heavy coffee drinking. A series of five experiments was undertaken to characterize adlibitum coffee consumption and to investigate the effects of manipulating coffee concentration, caffeine dose per cup, and caff...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1901/jeab.1986.45-133
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six male Wistar rats were exposed to concurrent variable-interval schedules of wheel-running reinforcement. The reinforcer associated with each alternative was the opportunity to run for 15 s, and the duration of the changeover delay was 1 s. Results suggested that time allocation was more sensitive to relative reinfo...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2001.75-299
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Six male albino rats were placed in running wheels and exposed to a fixed-interval 30-s schedule of lever pressing that produced either a drop of sucrose solution or the opportunity to run for a fixed duration as reinforcers. Each reinforcer type was signaled by a different stimulus. In Experiment 1, the duration of r...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2003.79-243
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two pigeons were exposed to factorial combinations of two values of line tilt and two frequencies of houselight flashes. During each of four baseline stages, key pecking in the presence of all four combinations was reinforced according to a variable-interval schedule. The baseline phases were followed by four differen...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-483
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five 14(1/2)- to 19(1/2)-month-old infants were trained to lever press for snacks on small fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Within four to nine sessions, responding under FR 10 was established for four subjects and FR 15 for the other. Each subject's last session revealed behavioral patterns similar to animal a...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1966.9-105
更新日期:1966-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under multiple schedules of reinforcement, previous research has generally observed tolerance to the rate-decreasing effects of cocaine that has been dependent on schedule-parameter size in the context of fixed-ratio (FR) schedules, but not under the context of fixed-interval (FI) schedules of reinforcement. The curre...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.92-413
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to discriminate a slow click-rate from its absence, or to discriminate it from a faster click-rate. Subsequent click-rate generalization tests produced the usual steepened gradients after the intradimensional discrimination but produced flat gradients after presence/absence discrimination. The occ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.20-23
更新日期:1973-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Characteristic patterns of conditioned key-pressing were maintained in the chimpanzee under a multiple 30-response fixed-ratio, 10-minute fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Adjunctive drinking occurred with regularity during the fixed-interval schedule and, with less frequency, during 1-minute timeout perio...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-131
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This experiment compared descriptions of concurrent choice by the stay/switch model, which says choice is a function of the reinforcers obtained for staying at and for switching from each alternative, and the generalized matching law, which says choice is a function of the total reinforcers obtained at each alternativ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2009.91-21
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small deviations from bilateral symmetry (fluctuating asymmetries) are cues to fitness differences in some animals. Therefore, researchers have considered whether animals use these small asymmetries as visual cues to determine appropriate behavioral responses (e.g., mate preferences). However, there have been few syst...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2007.103-05
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this study was to determine whether cluster analysis could be used to identify distinct subgroups of text message users based on behavioral economic indices of demand for text messaging. Cluster analysis is an analytic technique that attempts to categorize cases based on similarities across selected variab...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jeab.554
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The learning efficiency of an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin was evaluated using auditory discrimination learning-set tasks. Efficiency, as measured by the probability of a correct response on Trial 2 of a new discrete-trial, two-choice auditory discrimination problem, reached levels comparable to those attained by advan...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1973.19-379
更新日期:1973-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Groups of three rats were placed in a chamber containing one response lever and one water dispenser. A variety of schedule conditions were explored including fixed ratio, extinction, satiation, fixed interval, fixed time, differential reinforcement of low rates, and discrimination learning. Each group was treated as a...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1974.22-311
更新日期:1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two experiments conducted in an eight-arm radial maze, food pellets were delivered when a photocell beam was broken at the end of each arm via a nose poke, according to either fixed-interval or random-interval schedules of reinforcement, with each arm providing a different frequency of reinforcement. The behavior o...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1994.61-331
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three pigeons pecked keys and 5 rats pressed levers for food delivered on variable-interval schedules. During baseline conditions, subjects responded on a variable-interval 40-s schedule throughout the session. During experimental conditions, the programmed rate of reinforcement changed every 10 min in the 50-min sess...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1995.64-237
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three experiments investigated conditions affecting the choice to cooperate or compete. Experiment I compared the effects first of an individual activity, then of a competitive task as an alternative to cooperation. For both comparisons, subjects could earn more by cooperating. Choice of competition, but not individua...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1976.25-165
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five different reinforcement durations occurred randomly within each session on fixed interval 60-sec. Postreinforcement pause was directly related (and "running" rate inversely related) to the duration of reinforcement initiating each fixed interval. ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1970.13-9
更新日期:1970-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to peck a key on a variable-interval 2-min schedule of food reinforcement. Prior to each session, either 2.0 mg/kg methadone (n = 3), 3.0 mg/kg cocaine (n = 4), or 5.6 mg/kg cocaine (n = 2) was administered. When each pigeon's rate of pecking was stable, a range of doses of the training drug and s...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1996.66-193
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats obtained food pellets on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement by nose poking a lighted key. After training to establish baseline performance (with the mean variable interval set at either 60, 120, or 240 s), the rats were given free access to food during the hour just before their daily session. This sat...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2004.81-155
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A paradigm for the control of visual fixation of the macaque monkey in vision experiments was described. Using a Maxwellian view, the procedure permits the placement of discrete test-light stimuli in a specific area of the retina as the monkey fixates a primary target. This procedure holds foveal fixation as other beh...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1976.25-113
更新日期:1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preferences for larger or smaller defined response classes were investigated in a concurrent schedule precedure. Twelve pigeons were run on a series of concurrent variable-interval reinforcement schedules, from which baseline matching functions were obtained. An experimental phase followed, in which a second response ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1979.32-1
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors of four papers recently reported that satiation provides a better explanation than habituation for within-session decreases in conditioned responding. Several arguments question this conclusion. First, the contribution of habituation to within-session changes in responding seems clearly established. Inform...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.2000.74-347
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ecological approach to perception, as developed by James Gibson, is described and applied to how one knows, by means of the haptic perceptual system, various properties of hand-held objects. Four sets of experiments are reviewed in which subjects reported on the extent, orientation, shape, and fractional component...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1989.52-387
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discriminative responding in pigeons was studied under multiple variable-interval extinction and variable-ratio extinction schedules, as deprivation was varied. Generally, the greater the accuracy of discrimination that developed during training, the smaller the effect of deprivation upon subsequent performance. This ...
journal_title:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1901/jeab.1971.16-95
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00